{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:10:56Z","timestamp":1770754256420,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, on endothelin-1 (ET-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 as inflammation markers, pro-oxidant antioxidant balance (PAB), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels as oxidative stress parameters in lung tissues of rats in an experimental model of pulmonary contusion (PC) induced by blunt thoracic trauma. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. C: The control group (n = 6) consisted of unprocessed and untreated rats. PC3 (n = 8) underwent 3 days of PC. PC-B3 (n = 8) received 100 mg\/kg bosentan and was given orally once a day for 3 days. The PC7 group (n = 7) underwent 7 days of PC, and PC-B7 (n = 8) received 100 mg\/kg bosentan and was given orally once a day for 7 days. Results: ET-1, NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, HIF-1\u03b1, and PAB levels were higher, while TAC activity was lower in all groups compared with the control (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in ET-1 and TNF-\u03b1 levels between the PC-B3 and PC-B7 groups and the control group (p &lt; 0.05), while NF-\u03baB, HIF-1\u03b1, and PAB levels were still higher in both the PC-B3 and PC-B7 groups than in the control group. Bosentan decreased ET-1, NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, HIF-1\u03b1, and PAB and increased TAC levels in comparison to the nontreated groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Bosentan decreased the severity of oxidative stress in the lungs and reduced the inflammatory reaction in rats with PC induced by blunt thoracic trauma. This suggests that bosentan may have protective effects on lung injury mechanisms by reducing hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. If supported by similar studies, bosentan can be used in both pulmonary and emergency clinics to reduce ischemic complications, inflammation, and oxidative stress in some diseases that may be accompanied by ischemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T08:48:29Z","timestamp":1721206109000},"page":"1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Bosentan on Hypoxia, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Blunt Thoracic Trauma Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9593-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nedim","family":"Uzun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9272-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinem","family":"Durmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1395-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonca","family":"Gercel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University G\u00f6ztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34730, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burhan","family":"Aksu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University G\u00f6ztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34730, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naile Fevziye","family":"Misirlioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1347-8498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafize","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34408, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2020.04.003","article-title":"Blunt trauma related chest wall and pulmonary injuries: An overview","volume":"23","author":"Dogrul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. 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