{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:41:21Z","timestamp":1779205281922,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality both in the general population and heart failure patients. Inflammation may promote the initiation, maintenance and perpetuation of AF, but the impact of inflammatory molecular signaling on the association between AF and heart failure remains elusive. (2) Materials and Methods: In 111 patients with chronic stable heart failure, baseline values of conventional (IL-6 and hsCRP) and selected novel inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10, IL-6\/IL-10 ratio, orosomucoid and endocan) were determined. Inflammatory biomarkers were compared with respect to the presenting cardiac rhythm. (3) Results: Patients aged below 75 years with AF had significantly higher values of IL-6 and IL-6\/IL-10 ratio; IL-6 levels were a significant predictor of AF in both univariate (OR 1.175; 95%CI 1.013\u20131.363; p = 0.034) and multivariate logistic regression analysis when accounting for other inflammatory biomarkers (OR 1.327; 95% CI 1.068\u20131.650; p = 0.011). Conversely, there was no association between other novel inflammatory biomarkers and AF. (4) Conclusions: IL-6 levels and the IL-6\/IL-10 ratio are associated with AF in patients with chronic stable heart failure under the age of 75 years, suggesting that inflammatory molecular signaling may play a role in the development of AF in the heart failure population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T11:11:25Z","timestamp":1722337885000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Conventional and Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Gregor","family":"Vercek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borut","family":"Jug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Novakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miha","family":"Antonic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anze","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jus","family":"Ksela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2N","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00583-9","article-title":"Prevalence, Incidence, Prognosis, and Predisposing Conditions for Atrial Fibrillation: Population-Based Estimates","volume":"82","author":"Kannel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. 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