{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:04:20Z","timestamp":1784019860567,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide, after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. VTE is defined to include pulmonary embolism (PE) and\/or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Approximately 25% of PE patients experience sudden death as an initial symptom of VTE, and between 10% and 30% of patients die within the first month after diagnosis. Currently, the only drugs approved for the treatment of both acute and chronic VTE are vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). However, their effectiveness is limited due to their associated risk of bleeding. Ideally, therapy should be able to treat VTE and limit the risk of VTE recurrence without increasing the risk of bleeding. Several studies have shown that the use of statins during anticoagulation for VTE reduces the risk of death and VTE recurrence. However, to date, there are conflicting data on the impact of statins during anticoagulation for VTE. A biological protective function of statins during anticoagulation has also been reported. Statins affect D-dimer levels; tissue factor (TF) gene expression; and VIII, VII, and Von Willebrand clotting factors\u2014the major clotting factors they are able to affect. However, the usefulness of statins for the treatment and prevention of VTE is currently under debate, and they should not be substituted for guideline-recommended VTE prophylaxis or anticoagulation treatment. In this review of the literature, we illustrate the advances on this topic, including data on the role of statins in primary VTE prevention and secondary VTE prevention, related biological mechanisms, the risk of bleeding during their use, and their ability to reduce the risk of death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1722353123000},"page":"1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Statins during Anticoagulation for Emergency Life-Threatening Venous Thromboembolism: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0613-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Siniscalchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Parma University Hospital-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2656-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egidio","family":"Imbalzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Meschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ticinesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Basaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Camporese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 1, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2812-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreev","family":"Viorica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Eletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9227-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Vanvitelli University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6744-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Simioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 1, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0959","article-title":"Early anticoagulation is associated with reduced mortality for acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"137","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.12.017","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism: A public health concern","volume":"38","author":"Beckman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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