{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:46:10Z","timestamp":1788245170762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Endoscopic biliary plastic stenting is a safe and effective temporary therapeutic modality used in various benign biliary disorders. Long-term indwelling stents for more than one year without retrieval are termed \u201cforgotten biliary stents\u201d. In clinical practice, the forgotten stents are underestimated and the majority of data were obtained from case reports. The aim of this study was to determine the forgotten-biliary-plastic-stent-related complications, their management, and the patients\u2019 clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed at three hospitals during the period from January 2021 to December 2023. In total, 577 patients with biliary plastic stents\u2014inserted for a variety of benign biliary conditions\u2014were included. They were divided into two groups, as follows: group 1 included 527 patients who had biliary stents removed within 3 months, and group 2 included 50 patients with biliary stents retrieved after one year of their deployment. The stent-related complications (e.g., acute cholangitis, stent clogging, distal stent migration, new common bile duct (CBD) stone formation, and proximal stent migration) and the endoscopic management success rate were evaluated. Results: Irretrievable CBD stones were the main indication for biliary plastic stenting in both groups. The stent-related complications, number of endoscopic sessions, and hospital admissions were significantly higher in the patients with forgotten biliary stents than those with stent removal within 3 months. All the study patients were successfully managed endoscopically with uneventful outcomes. Conclusions: Based on this retrospective study, non-adherence to the endoscopists\u2019 instructions is the main reason for retained biliary stents for more than one year. The patients with forgotten stents had significantly higher complication rates, a higher number of endoscopic sessions, and a higher number of hospital admissions than those with stents that were retrieved in the scheduled time. All patients were managed endoscopically with a technical success rate of 100%, and with no complication-related mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T16:14:58Z","timestamp":1722615298000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Forgotten Biliary Plastic Stents: Complications, Management, and Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Elsebaey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Elsayed","family":"Enaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2259-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba","family":"Elashry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer A.","family":"Elbedewy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohamed","family":"El Nakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Elhadidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Elsayed","family":"Sarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Elrefaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha Youssef","family":"Hagag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Mohammed","family":"Alqifari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah 52366, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9297-0536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assem Mohamed","family":"Elsokkary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura New General Hospital, Mansoura 34008, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Abd Allah","family":"Alabd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, Red Crescent Hospital, Tanta 66232, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrashid Onimisi","family":"Abdulrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology\/Internal Medicine Department, Federal Medical Centre Keffi, Keffi 961101, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousry Esam-Eldin","family":"Abo-Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, El-Mahalla el-Kubra 31951, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf Rafat","family":"Abo-Elfetoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, El-Mahalla el-Kubra 31951, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Shaaban","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo 11638, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo 11638, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Abdelhaleem","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo 11638, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amro Abdelaziz Mohammed","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Birlutiu, V., Ichim, C., Todor, S.B., Hasegan, A., Bacila, C., Solomon, A., Cristian, A., and Dura, H. 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