{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:11:34Z","timestamp":1760112694794,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Italian Ministry of Health, the Tuscany Region and the Sicily Region","award":["NET-2016-02363765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NET-2016-02363765"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: We report the successful surgical treatment of a case of spontaneous complete anterior crystalline lens luxation in a patient affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), associated with elevated intraocular pressure and pupillary block. Additionally, we review the current literature regarding the association between ectopia lentis and RP. Case description: A 44-year-old female RP patient presented to our emergency department reporting severe ocular pain in her left eye (LE) and sickness. She had no history of ocular trauma and did not report systemic disorders. The best corrected visual acuity at presentation was 1\/20 in her LE, the intraocular pressure was 60 mmHg, and slit lamp examination showed in her LE a complete dislocation of the lens in the anterior chamber, with mydriasis, atalamia, and a pupillary block. The patient had been administered intravenous mannitol 18% solution and dorzolamide\u2013timolol eye drops and was hospitalized for urgent lens extraction. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed before surgery. Decompressive 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and phacoemulsification were performed, and the capsular bag was removed due to marked zonular weakness, with deferred intraocular lens implant. Conclusions: Acute angle closure glaucoma in patients with RP may be rarely caused by spontaneous anterior lens dislocation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous anterior lens dislocation in an RP patient, documented through photographs, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T12:13:14Z","timestamp":1723119194000},"page":"1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spontaneous Ectopia Lentis in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7384-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Nicolosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7646-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, 56121 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Beni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4242-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Branchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Giattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Murro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Bacherini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4107-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Giansanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Neuromuscular and Sense Organs Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69740-7","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"368","author":"Hartong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.02.002","article-title":"Cataract extraction outcomes and the prevalence of zonular insufficiency in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"156","author":"Dikopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(82)90069-8","article-title":"Ectopia lentis","volume":"27","author":"Nelson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"823","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa associated with bilateral ectopia lentis","volume":"13","author":"Halpern","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"852","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa associated with ectopia lentis","volume":"120","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701527","article-title":"Acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to a luxated lens associated with retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"19","author":"Sira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2007.21.2.124","article-title":"Bilateral spontaneous anterior lens dislocation in a retinitis pigmentosa patient","volume":"21","author":"Kwon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-118","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa associated with ectopia lentis and acute angle-closure glaucoma","volume":"43","author":"Eid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.109387","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa associated with ectopia lentis in a patient with Marfan syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Kaur, K., and Gurnani, B. (2024). Ectopia Lentis. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK578193\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6699103","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6699103","article-title":"A Review of Complicated Cataract in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Pathogenesis and Cataract Surgery","volume":"2020","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020041079018","article-title":"Ultrastructure of human cataract in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"98","author":"Eshaghian","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Allingham, R., Damji, K., Freedman, S., Moroi, S.E., and Shafranov, G. (2005). Shields\u2019 Textbook of Glaucoma, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2085303","article-title":"Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Retinitis Pigmentosa with Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in the Chinese Population","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1993.tb08591.x","article-title":"Primary angle closure glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"71","author":"Badeeb","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, Y.C., Liu, C.J., Hwang, D.K., Chen, T.J., and Liu, C.J. (2014). Increased risk of acute angle closure in retinitis pigmentosa: A population-based case-control study. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107660"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9164846","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9164846","article-title":"Ocular Biometry in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"2017","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1159\/000532107","article-title":"Three-Year Follow-Up of Results of Intraocular Lens Fixation in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"14","author":"Miura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/8\/1281\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:32:04Z","timestamp":1760110324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/8\/1281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60081281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60081281","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]}}}