{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:34Z","timestamp":1760145574692,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pusan National University Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study\u2019s objective was to investigate the influence of increased scan speed and pitch on image quality and nodule volumetry in patients who underwent ultra-low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods: One hundred and two patients who had lung nodules were included in this study. Standard-speed, standard-pitch (SSSP) ultra-low-dose CT and high-speed, high-pitch (HSHP) ultra-low-dose CT were obtained for all patients. Image noise was measured as the standard deviation of attenuation. One hundred and sixty-three nodules were identified and classified according to location, volume, and nodule type. Volume measurement of detected pulmonary nodules was compared according to nodule location, volume, and nodule type. Motion artifacts at the right middle lobe, the lingular segment, and both lower lobes near the lung bases were evaluated. Subjective image quality analysis was also performed. Results: The HSHP CT scan demonstrated decreased motion artifacts at the left upper lobe lingular segment and left lower lobe compared to the SSSP CT scan (p &lt; 0.001). The image noise was higher and the radiation dose was lower in the HSHP scan (p &lt; 0.001). According to the nodule type, the absolute relative volume difference was significantly higher in ground glass opacity nodules compared with those of part-solid and solid nodules (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Our study results suggest that HSHP ultra-low-dose chest CT scans provide decreased motion artifacts and lower radiation doses compared to SSSP ultra-low-dose chest CT. However, lung nodule volumetry should be performed with caution for ground glass opacity nodules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T08:54:08Z","timestamp":1723452848000},"page":"1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased Scan Speed and Pitch on Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT: Effect on Nodule Volumetry and Image Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Heejoo","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1741-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon Joo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Hee","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8278-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geewon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Church, T.R., Black, W.C., Aberle, D.R., Berg, C.D., Clingan, K.L., Duan, F., Fagerstrom, R.M., Gareen, I.F., and Gierada, D.S. (2013). Results of initial low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 368, 1980\u20131991.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209120"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2351","article-title":"Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: When is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Gould","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2086","article-title":"Performance of Lung-RADS in the National Lung Screening Trial: A retrospective assessment","volume":"162","author":"Pinsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906085","article-title":"Management of lung nodules detected by volume CT scanning","volume":"361","author":"Oudkerk","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207140","article-title":"UK Lung Cancer RCT Pilot Screening Trial: Baseline findings from the screening arm provide evidence for the potential implementation of lung cancer screening","volume":"71","author":"Field","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207168","article-title":"British Thoracic Society guidelines for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules","volume":"70","author":"Callister","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161659","article-title":"Guidelines for Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Images: From the Fleischner Society 2017","volume":"284","author":"MacMahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017151022","article-title":"Use of Volumetry for Lung Nodule Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"284","author":"Devaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/5\/009","article-title":"Effect of CT scanning parameters on volumetric measurements of pulmonary nodules by 3D active contour segmentation: A phantom study","volume":"53","author":"Way","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.3.641","article-title":"Effect of the high-pitch mode in dual-source computed tomography on the accuracy of three-dimensional volumetry of solid pulmonary nodules: A phantom study","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181feee1a","article-title":"Computed tomography of the lung in the high-pitch mode: Is breath holding still required?","volume":"46","author":"Baumueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3182575729","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of motion artifacts in high-pitch dual-source computed tomography of the thorax","volume":"27","author":"Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2019.0327","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Wide-Detector CT Scanners for Cardiothoracic Imaging: An Update","volume":"20","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Menzel, H., Schibilla, H., and Teunen, D. (2000). European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Computed Tomography, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeom, J.A., Kim, K.U., Hwang, M., Lee, J.W., Kim, K.I., Song, Y.S., Lee, I.S., and Jeong, Y.J. (2022). Emphysema Quantification Using Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT: Efficacy of Deep Learning-Based Image Reconstruction. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070939"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2013.07.003","article-title":"Effect of high-pitch dual-source CT to compensate motion artifacts: A phantom study","volume":"20","author":"Alkadhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e318250067e","article-title":"High-pitch dual-source computed tomography pulmonary angiography in freely breathing patients","volume":"27","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181f33b1d","article-title":"High-pitch spiral computed tomography: Effect on image quality and radiation dose in pediatric chest computed tomography","volume":"46","author":"Lell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200196","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020200196","article-title":"Accuracy and Reproducibility of Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT for the Diagnosis of COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Dangis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Cardiothorac. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.12.017","article-title":"Routine chest and abdominal high-pitch CT: An alternative low dose protocol with preserved image quality","volume":"81","author":"Amacker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2084-8","article-title":"Letter to the editor re: Low-dose computed tomography of the paranasal sinus and facial skull using a high-pitch dual-source system--first clinical results","volume":"21","author":"Bulla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e31815e6291","article-title":"Detection of nodules showing ground-glass opacity in the lungs at low-dose multidetector computed tomography: Phantom and clinical study","volume":"33","author":"Funama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/3\/1307","article-title":"Robust semi-automatic segmentation of pulmonary subsolid nodules in chest computed tomography scans","volume":"60","author":"Lassen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000121","article-title":"Solid, part-solid, or non-solid?: Classification of pulmonary nodules in low-dose chest computed tomography by a computer-aided diagnosis system","volume":"50","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130644","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130644","article-title":"Accuracy of lung nodule volumetry in low-dose CT with iterative reconstruction: An anthropomorphic thoracic phantom study","volume":"87","author":"Doo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00197712","article-title":"Volumetric computed tomography screening for lung cancer: Three rounds of the NELSON trial","volume":"42","author":"Horeweg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2006.08.006","article-title":"Nodule management protocol of the NELSON randomised lung cancer screening trial","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/8\/1301\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:35:14Z","timestamp":1760110514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/8\/1301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60081301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60081301","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]}}}