{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:05:04Z","timestamp":1782831904501,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2024R419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2024R419"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Although physical health is always studied for women with diabetes, the mental health aspect is generally overlooked for this chronic disease. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms, namely, fibromyalgia syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, and how these symptoms related to the medications used in a cohort of women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (DM) in Jordan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and validated scales (PSRS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ISI-A) for fibromyalgia syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia were used. The associations between the different medications used and the dependent variables were examined using four separate multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Data were analyzed from 213 participants. Of them, 27.2% met the threshold for fibromyalgia syndrome diagnosis, 38% met the threshold for severe depression, 36.2% met the threshold for severe anxiety, and 39.9% met the threshold for severe insomnia. Fibromyalgia syndrome symptoms were significantly associated with glimepiride (OR = 1.92, CI = 1.00\u20133.68), \u03b2-blockers (OR = 2.21, CI = 1.03\u20134.70), diuretics (OR = 3.13, CI = 1.26\u20137.78), herbal remedies (OR = 2.12, CI = 0.98\u20134.55), and prescriptions for centrally acting medication (OR = 2.78, CI = 1.24\u20136.29). Significant associations were found between depression and diuretics (OR = 2.62, CI = 1.05\u20136.67), over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR = 3.49, CI = 1.69\u20137.23), and herbal remedies (OR = 5.07, CI = 2.40\u201310.69). In addition, anxiety was significantly related to diuretics (OR = 2.48, CI = 1.02\u20136.02), and OTC NSAIDs (OR = 2.60, CI = 1.29\u20135.21). Significant associations were evident between insomnia and \u03b2-blockers (OR = 3.23, CI = 1.51\u20136.95), acetaminophen (OR = 2.09, CI = 1.06\u20134.08), NSAIDs (OR = 4.61, CI = 2.18\u20139.76), and herbal remedies (OR = 5.95, CI = 2.71\u201313.07). Conclusions: Medications are associated with high burden of fibromyalgia syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. These findings underscore the importance of revising and optimizing the pharmacotherapy of these vulnerable patients, performing close mental health monitoring and the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions by integrating mental health services for women with chronic diseases such as diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T08:54:08Z","timestamp":1723452848000},"page":"1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Overlooked Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia and Fibromyalgia Syndrome Burden in Arab Women with Type 2 Diabetes: New Avenues for Chronic Disease Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8801-2652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Gammoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3721-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelrahim","family":"Alqudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maysa","family":"Alswidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Abu Shwiemeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Abu Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman 11947, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talal","family":"Massad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sereene","family":"Al-Jabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Ellah","family":"Al-Shudifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4717-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jafar","family":"Alsheyyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7174-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammena Y.","family":"Binsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sireen Abdul Rahim","family":"Shilbayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa A. A.","family":"Aljabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2004.03.017","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk assessment in metabolic syndrome: View from PROCAM","volume":"33","author":"Assmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dennis, G.J. (2008). Rheumatic Manifestations of Endocrine Disease, Elsevier. 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