{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T18:17:20Z","timestamp":1789928240968,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in dark phototypes can be a challenging task due to the lack of relevant clues and its variable presentation. In this regard, there is growing evidence that dermoscopy may benefit the recognition of BCC even for skin of color (SoC). The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview on clinical and dermoscopic patterns of BCC in SoC, also comparing such findings with those of the main clinical mimickers reported in the literature. A comprehensive search of the literature through the PubMed electronic database was carried out in order to identify papers describing the clinical and dermoscopic features of BCC in dark phototypes (IV\u2013VI). By finding macroscopic clinical presentations of BCCs in SoC patients and any possible clinical mimickers considered in the retrieved papers, we built a differential diagnosis list and analyzed the dermoscopic findings of such conditions to facilitate the diagnosis of BCC. BCC in darker skin may present as pigmented nodular lesions, pigmented patches or plaques, ulcers, erythematous nodular lesions, erythematous plaques or patches, or scar-like lesions, depending on its subtype and body site. The differential diagnosis for BCC in patients with SoC includes squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, nevi, adnexal tumors and sebaceous keratosis. Additionally, it differs from that of Caucasians, as it also includes lesions less common in fair skin, such as dermatosis papulosa nigra, melanotrichoblastoma, and pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and excludes conditions like actinic keratosis and keratoacanthoma, which rarely appear in darker skin. The resulting differences also include infectious diseases such as deep cutaneous mycosis and inflammatory dermatoses. The most prevalent differentiating dermoscopic feature for BCC includes blue, black and gray dots, though arborizing vessels still remain the predominant BCC feature, even in dark phototypes. Diagnostic approach to BCC in dark-skinned patients varies due to the prevalence of dermoscopy findings associated with hyperpigmented structures. Clinicians should be aware of such points of differentiation for a proper management of this tumor in SoC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T01:48:49Z","timestamp":1724636929000},"page":"1386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Clinical and Dermoscopic Patterns of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Its Mimickers in Skin of Color: A Practical Summary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4130-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Karampinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Dermatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina-Eirini","family":"Georgopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Dermatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elli","family":"Kampra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6594-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efterpi","family":"Zafiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimilios","family":"Lallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Dermatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lazaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Dermatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Apalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Dermatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswanath","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Errichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"170","article-title":"Skin Cancer in Skin of Color","volume":"21","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023311S","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304S1a311S","article-title":"Race-Specific and Skin of Color Dermatoscopic Characteristics of Skin Cancer: A Literature Review","volume":"13","author":"Karampinis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023308S","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304S1a308S","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Cutaneous Neoplasms in Skin of Color\u2014A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society \u201cImaging in Skin of Color\u201d Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Enechukwu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023210S","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304S1a310S","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Hair and Scalp Disorders (Trichoscopy) in Skin of Color\u2014A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society \u201cImaging in Skin of Color\u201d Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Khare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023309S","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304S1a309S","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Infectious Dermatoses (Infectiouscopy) in Skin of Color\u2014A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society \u201cImaging in Skin of Color\u201d Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"e2023297S","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Inflammatory Dermatoses (Inflammoscopy) in Skin of Color\u2014A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society \u201cImaging in Skin of Color\u201d Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Behera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karampinis, E., Toli, O., Georgopoulou, K.-E., Kampra, E., Spyridonidou, C., Roussaki Schulze, A.-V., and Zafiriou, E. (2024). Can Artificial Intelligence \u201cHold\u201d a Dermoscope?\u2014The Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot to Translate the Dermoscopic Language. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111165"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20174846","article-title":"Refining the Ideas of \u201cEthnic\u201d Skin","volume":"92","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00165.x","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Scalp of an Indian Patient","volume":"21","author":"Dhir","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-620X.71895","article-title":"Sequential Occurrence of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Symmetrically Identical Positions of Both Lower Eyelids: A Rare Finding of a Common Skin Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Pandey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oman J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.80425","article-title":"Periungual Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report with Review of Literature","volume":"56","author":"Sen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.143520","article-title":"Successful Treatment of Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma with Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream with Long Term Follow-Up","volume":"59","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.27757","article-title":"Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma on Face Treated with 5% Imiquimod Cream","volume":"72","author":"Verma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian. J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.110874","article-title":"Adenoid Basal Cell Carcinoma and Its Mimics","volume":"58","author":"Jetley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.108080","article-title":"Adenoid Type of Basal Cell Carcinoma: Rare Histopathological Variant at an Unusual Location","volume":"58","author":"Tambe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma in African Americans","volume":"30","author":"Nadiminti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.43204","article-title":"Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma Successfully Treated with 5% Imiquimod Cream","volume":"53","author":"Mehta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.164448","article-title":"Coexistence of Solid (Nodular) and Differentiated (Adenoid) Basal Cell Carcinoma at the Same Anatomical Site","volume":"60","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.174033","article-title":"Neglected Basal Cell Carcinoma on Scalp","volume":"61","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.177802","article-title":"Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Face Is a Diagnostic Challenge","volume":"61","author":"Singha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.185477","article-title":"Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus in Continuity with Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Presentation","volume":"7","author":"Dongre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Usatine","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_1141_16","article-title":"Solitary Nodular Lesion on Forehead in a 56-Year-Old Woman","volume":"85","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70259-4","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp Resulting in Spine Metastasis in a Black Patient","volume":"31","author":"Oram","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1995.tb00634.x","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Black Population","volume":"34","author":"Woods","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)70067-7","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma in Black Patients","volume":"4","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70037-2","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma at the Base of the Penis in a Black Patient","volume":"20","author":"Greenbaum","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199407000-00019","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma in Blacks","volume":"33","author":"Chorun","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199508000-00053","article-title":"Large Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Black Patient","volume":"96","author":"Frank","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00543.x","article-title":"A Persistent Dermal Nodule in an African-American Patient","volume":"21","author":"Humphreys","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.01.004","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma with Metastasis to the Lung in an African American Man","volume":"63","author":"Alston","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.4591","article-title":"A Black-Pigmented Eyelid Nodule in an African American Woman","volume":"138","author":"Boal","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90007-9","article-title":"Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma in Hispanics","volume":"34","author":"Bigler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"3010","article-title":"Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Clinical Variant, Report of Two Cases","volume":"7","author":"Deepadarshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"e4369","article-title":"Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as a Melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Abudu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.107835","article-title":"Vulvar Basal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"55","author":"Kara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.43222","article-title":"Clinicopathological Evaluation of Radiation Induced Basal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Javidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-013-0652-8","article-title":"Pattern of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in Sikkim, India: A 3-Year Clinicopathological Review","volume":"65","author":"Baruah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2306_19","article-title":"Malignant Tumors of the Eyelid in India: A Multicenter, Multizone Study on Clinicopathologic Features and Outcomes","volume":"68","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000491549","article-title":"Malignant Eyelid Tumors in India: A Study of 536 Asian Indian Patients","volume":"5","author":"Kaliki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Oncol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.15337","article-title":"A Multicentric Study on Dermoscopic Patterns and Clinical\u2013Dermoscopic\u2013Histological Correlates of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Indian Skin","volume":"47","author":"Vinay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_543_19","article-title":"Clinical Spectrum of Cutaneous Malignancies in Central India: A Retrospective Study","volume":"66","author":"Supekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001744","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Basal Cell Carcinoma in African Americans: A 10-Year Retrospective Review at a Single Academic Institution","volume":"45","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13793","article-title":"The Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics of Early-onset Basal Cell Carcinoma in Asians","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12045","article-title":"Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics of Extra-Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of 35 Patients at the Chonbuk National University Hospital in Korea","volume":"55","author":"Roh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741397","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/741397","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma in Asians: A Retrospective Analysis of Ten Patients","volume":"2012","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Skin Cancer"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04342.x","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Hospital in Sarawak, Malaysia","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890270096014","article-title":"Clinical Histopathological Characteristics of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Japanese Patients","volume":"132","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.12.004","article-title":"Vulvar Basal Cell Carcinoma in China: A 13-Year Review","volume":"200","author":"Lui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173582","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/173582","article-title":"A Study of Basal Cell Carcinoma in South Asians for Risk Factor and Clinicopathological Characterization: A Hospital Based Study","volume":"2014","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Skin Cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12202","article-title":"Basal Cell Carcinoma in Singapore: A Prospective Study on Epidemiology and Clinicopathological Characteristics with a Secondary Comparative Analysis between Singaporean Chinese and Caucasian Patients","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022075","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1202a75","article-title":"Features of Skin Cancer in Black Individuals: A Single-Institution Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Manci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_420_20","article-title":"Dermoscopic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Skin of Color: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Puducherry, South India","volume":"89","author":"Behera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)00365-7","article-title":"A Distinctive Type of Widespread Congenital Melanocytic Nevus with Large Nodules","volume":"49","author":"Rose","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"145","article-title":"Cellular Blue Nevus with Nevus Cells in Regional Lymph Nodes: A Lesion That Mimics Melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Bansal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003481","article-title":"Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma","volume":"90","author":"Matrakool","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"414","article-title":"Malignant Melanoma Seen in a Tertiary Dermatological Centre, Singapore","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"209","article-title":"Malignant Melanoma in Nigeria-Pathological Studies","volume":"6","author":"Suseelan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.40367","article-title":"Giant Hanging Melanoma of the Eyelid Skin","volume":"56","author":"Pai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-014-0308-5","article-title":"The Aesthetic and Oncological Challenges in the Management of an Atypical Nodular Hidradenoma of the Pinna","volume":"5","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200212000-00008","article-title":"Melanotrichoblastoma","volume":"24","author":"Kanitakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_345_18","article-title":"Pigmented Nipple-like Nodule on the Neck","volume":"85","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.55397","article-title":"Pigmented Trichoblastoma with Sebaceous Hyperplasia","volume":"75","author":"Kamat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2003.00030.x","article-title":"Bedn\u00e1r Tumor Associated with Dermal Melanocytosis: Melanocytic Colonization or Neuroectodermal Multidirectional Differentiation?","volume":"30","author":"Goncharuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.110862","article-title":"Multiple Dermatofibromas: Dermoscopic Patterns","volume":"58","author":"Camara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01532.x","article-title":"Cutaneous Vascular Lesions and Their Management in Indian Setting","volume":"25","author":"Vasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_292_23","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: A Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Shenoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2012.02191.x","article-title":"Clinical Analysis of Deep Cutaneous Mycoses: A 12-year Experience at a Single Institution","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.168936","article-title":"Predisposing Factors and Histopathological Variants of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Experience from a North Indian Teaching Hospital","volume":"82","author":"Khullar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.160527","article-title":"Hidradenocarcinoma: A Rare Sweat Gland Neoplasm Presenting as Small Turban Tumor of the Scalp","volume":"60","author":"Asati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5070\/D3271256715","article-title":"A Pearly Nodule on an Indurated Plaque","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"116","article-title":"Verrucous Haemangioma","volume":"48","author":"Mani","year":"1982","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khullar, G., Narang, T., De, D., Chougule, A., and Handa, S. (2016). Isolated Benign Primary Cutaneous Plasmacytosis in an Adult Indian Male. Dermatol. Online J., 22.","DOI":"10.5070\/D3221029791"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_271_21","article-title":"Interesting Case of Cutaneous Metastases to Thoracic Skin from Anaplastic Carcinoma of Thyroid: An Unreported Entity in India","volume":"67","author":"Jemisingh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.119972","article-title":"Psoriatic Arthritis with Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: Role for Methotrexate?","volume":"58","author":"Rahima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02136.x","article-title":"Pigmented Bowen\u2019s Disease","volume":"138","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_2_22","article-title":"Bowen\u2019s Disease on Two Different Unrelated Anatomical Sites (Genitals and Nail) in Succession in an Immunocompromised Patient","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Sex. Transm. Dis. AIDS"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"317","article-title":"Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"61","author":"Jayaraman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.01.034","article-title":"Eroded Pigmented Anogenital Plaque in an Elderly Woman","volume":"34","author":"Nagalla","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16607","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Dermoscopy for 934 Basal Cell Carcinomas: A Single-center Retrospective Study","volume":"50","author":"Yuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"157","article-title":"A Successful Defect Closure after Total Excision of Seborrheic Keratoses with Atypical Clinical Presentation Using Island Pedicle Flap in an Elderly Patient","volume":"14","author":"Sutedja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Med. Case Rep. J."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5070\/D323F586BK","article-title":"Bowen Disease over Photoprotected Site in an Indian Male","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01712.x","article-title":"Signet-ring Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report","volume":"25","author":"McKinley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.18948","article-title":"Extramammary Paget\u2032s Disease","volume":"71","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.53137","article-title":"Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma: A Presenting Manifestation of HIV Infection in an Indian","volume":"75","author":"Kharkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01390.x","article-title":"Erythema Nodosum Associated with Reactivation Tuberculous Lymphadenitis (Scrofula)","volume":"41","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"157","article-title":"Side Lab Diagnosis of Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"51","author":"Sharma","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-03707-3","article-title":"Secondary Cutaneous Mucormycosis\u2014Retrospective Analysis from Tertiary Care Hospitall","volume":"75","author":"Arora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5070\/D30Z4556QJ","article-title":"Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus with Discoid Lupus Erythematosus-Induced Alopecia of the Scalp","volume":"17","author":"Lehrhoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"252","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"70","author":"Heath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"126","article-title":"Erythrokeratodermia Progressivum Symmetricum","volume":"64","author":"Mittal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12077","article-title":"Genital Psoriasis among Indians: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"56","author":"Mahajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.117312","article-title":"Pilomatrixoma\u2014Presented as Hypopigmented Tender Nodule: Diagnosed by FNAC: A Case Report with Review of Literature","volume":"58","author":"Sinhasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00112.x","article-title":"Tufted Angioma: A Report of Five Cases","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie, J., Li, Y., Shen, X., Liu, Y., Shi, H., and Lu, Y. (2021). Nodular Malignant Melanoma in Vulvar Skin without Pigmentation: A Case Report. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01422-1"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_126_20","article-title":"A Study on Clinical Spectrum of Lichen Sclerosus in a Tertiary Care Centre in North India","volume":"43","author":"Brar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Sex. Transm. Dis. AIDS"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdpdd.ijdpdd_10_17","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Non-Melanocytic and Pink Tumors in Brown Skin: A Descriptive Study","volume":"4","author":"Ankad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatopathol. Diagn. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_987_20","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Bowen\u2019s Disease: A Case Series of Five Patients","volume":"87","author":"Behera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2024086","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a86","article-title":"Dermoscopic Features of Pigmented Bowen Disease: A Multicenter Study on Behalf of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD)","volume":"14","author":"Cabo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_889_2022","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in Skin of Colour: A Study of Four Cases","volume":"5","author":"Mustari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1429-6","article-title":"Beyond Classic Dermoscopic Patterns of Dermatofibromas: A Prospective Research Study","volume":"11","author":"Kelati","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.12.023","article-title":"Absence of Central White Patch in Dermatofibromas Presenting in Darker Skin","volume":"21","author":"Giddens","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12316","article-title":"Dermoscopic Nevus Patterns in Skin of Colour: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional, Morphological Study in Individuals with Skin Type V and VI","volume":"28","author":"Lallas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.043","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Black Skin: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Lesions in Individuals with Type V\/VI Skin Compared to Those with Type I\/II Skin","volume":"73","author":"Tuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724\u2013730.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.035","article-title":"Acral Melanocytic Lesions in the United States: Prevalence, Awareness, and Dermoscopic Patterns in Skin-of-Color and Non-Hispanic White Patients","volume":"74","author":"Madankumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000360215","article-title":"Blue Nevus with a Dermoscopic Appearance of Peripheral Streaks with Branches","volume":"6","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"E249","article-title":"Dermoscopic Features of Benign Cutaneous Adnexal Tumours in Dark Skin: A Retrospective Study from South India","volume":"62","author":"Behera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2020.3928","article-title":"Dermoscopy in General Dermatology (Non-Neoplastic Dermatoses) of Skin of Colour: A Comparative Retrospective Study by the International Dermoscopy Society","volume":"30","author":"Errichetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"44","article-title":"Dermoscopic Features of Psoriasis, Lichen Planus, and Pityriasis Rosea in Patients with Skin Type IV and Darker Attending the Regional Dermatology Training Centre in Northern Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"Masenga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022203","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1204a203","article-title":"Dermoscopy of the Diverse Spectrum of Cutaneous Tuberculosis in the Skin of Color","volume":"12","author":"Jindal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses3040054","article-title":"Systemic Oxidative Stress Parameters in Skin Cancer Patients and Patients with Benign Lesions","volume":"3","author":"Karampinis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stresses"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karampinis, E., Aloizou, A.-M., Zafiriou, E., Bargiota, A., Skaperda, Z., Kouretas, D., and Roussaki-Schulze, A.-V. (2023). Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Vitamin D: The \u201cLost Sunlight\u201d Paradox and the Oxidative Stress Explanation. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051107"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.003","article-title":"Accuracy of Dermoscopic Criteria for Discriminating Superficial from Other Subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Lallas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Nonmelanocytic Lesions Defying the Two-Step Dermoscopy Algorithm","volume":"32","author":"Scope","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/9\/1386\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:42:45Z","timestamp":1760110965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/9\/1386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60091386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60091386","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]}}}