{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:38:44Z","timestamp":1778503124133,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","award":["TU-DSPP-2024-107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TU-DSPP-2024-107"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: In the undertaken study, proteomics alterations of blood-borne XDR S. Typhi isolated from Pakistan were investigated using mass spectrometry. Materials and Methods: MDR and XDR S. Typhi total protein lysates were fractionated, digested, and processed for nanoflow LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS analysis. Results: Among the 1267 identified proteins, 37 were differentially regulated, of which 28 were up-regulated, and 9 were down-regulated in XDR S. Typhi as compared to MDR S. Typhi. Based on the functional annotation, proteins found up-regulated are involved mainly in metabolic pathways (ManA, FadB, DacC, GpmA, AphA, PfkB, TalA, FbaB, OtsA, 16504242), the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (ManA, FadB, GlpB, GpmA, PfkB, TalA, FbaB, OtsA), microbial metabolism in diverse environments (FadB, GpmA, PfkB, NfnB, TalA, FbaB), and ABC transporters (PstS, YbeJ, MglB, RbsB, ArtJ). Proteins found down-regulated are involved mainly in carbon metabolism (FadB, GpmA, PfkB, FalA, FbaB) and the biosynthesis of amino acids (GpmA, PfkB, TalA, FbaB). Most of the identified differential proteins were predicted to be antigenic, and matched with resistome data. Conclusions: A total of 28 proteins were up-regulated, and 9 were down-regulated in XDR S. Typhi. Further characterization of the identified proteins will help in understanding the molecular signaling involved in the emergence of XDR S. Typhi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T06:19:01Z","timestamp":1724739541000},"page":"1404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metabolic Proteins Expression Up-Regulated in Blood-Borne Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Isolates from Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9639-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nusrat","family":"Yasin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6572-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazir","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Nisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasra","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niamat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid J.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meshari A.","family":"Alsuwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuad M.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abrar","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27268","DOI":"10.2196\/27268","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with typhoid fever among hospitalized patients in Hyderabad District, Pakistan, 2017\u20132018: Retrospective record review","volume":"7","author":"Fatima","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Brief Review","volume":"19","author":"Gajdacs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt, M.H., Saleem, A., Javed, S.O., Ullah, I., Rehman, M.U., Islam, N., Tahir, M.A., Malik, T., Hafeez, S., and Misbah, S. (2022). 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