{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:05:35Z","timestamp":1792515935705,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","award":["PCN-1-149\/N\/2\/K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN-1-149\/N\/2\/K"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","award":["BNW-1-016\/K\/3\/K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-1-016\/K\/3\/K"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The interrelationship between thyroid function and the state of the cardiovascular system has been investigated both in preclinical and human studies. However, it remains unclear whether there is any association between thyroid hormones and features of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in euthyroid patients. Material and Methods: This study involved 45 people (females: 57.8%) with no thyroid disease who, during planned hospitalization, underwent thyroid ultrasound, determination of biochemical parameters of thyroid function, and measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index (TBI). People with signs of acute illness or a deterioration of their health were excluded. Results: Significant correlations were found between free triiodothyronine (FT3) and several parameters of both ABI (R = 0.347; p = 0.019 for the mean ABI taken from right side and left side values) and TBI (R = 0.396; p = 0.007 for the mean TBI taken from right side and left side values), as well as the maximal toe pressure (TP) taken from right side and left side values (R = 0.304; p = 0.045). Thyrotropin (TSH) was shown to be significantly correlated only with the maximal TBI value (taken from right side and left side values) (R = 0.318; p = 0.033), whereas free thyroxin (FT4) was shown to be significantly correlated only with the minimal TBI value (taken from right side and left side values) (R = 0.381; p = 0.01). Thyroid volume (TV) was shown to be correlated with TP (R = 0.4; p = 0.008 for the mean TP taken from right side and left side values) and some parameters of TBI value (R = 0.332; p = 0.028 for the mean TBI taken from right side and left side values), but no significant correlations were found between TVand ABI parameters. Patients with a mean ABI value \u2264 1.0 or a mean TBI value \u2264 0.75 have lower TSH, FT3, FT4, and TV than the rest of the study population, but the difference was statistically significant only for FT3. Conclusions: Even in a population of euthyroid patients with no diagnosed thyroid disease, there are some significant correlations between the volume and function of the thyroid gland and the selected features of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction such as ABI and TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T02:25:49Z","timestamp":1725416749000},"page":"1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Relationship of Thyroid Volume and Function with Ankle-Brachial Index, Toe-Brachial Index, and Toe Pressure in Euthyroid People Aged 18\u201365"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0039-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz K.","family":"Jakubiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7551-9371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Pawlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3449-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Morawiecka-Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Zalejska-Fiolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6939-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2210-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Cie\u015blar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00607-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in Europe","volume":"19","author":"Townsend","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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