{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:00:54Z","timestamp":1793199654341,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To develop a deep learning model for esophageal motility disorder diagnosis using high-resolution manometry images with the aid of Gemini. Methods: Gemini assisted in developing this model by aiding in code writing, preprocessing, model optimization, and troubleshooting. Results: The model demonstrated an overall precision of 0.89 on the testing set, with an accuracy of 0.88, a recall of 0.88, and an F1-score of 0.885. It presented better results for multiple categories, particularly in the panesophageal pressurization category, with precision = 0.99 and recall = 0.99, yielding a balanced F1-score of 0.99. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence, particularly Gemini, in aiding the creation of robust deep learning models for medical image analysis, solving not just simple binary classification problems but more complex, multi-class image classification tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T04:25:22Z","timestamp":1726201522000},"page":"1493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Gemini-Assisted Deep Learning Classification Model for Automated Diagnosis of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5508-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan Lucian","family":"Popa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6020-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodora","family":"Surdea-Blaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan Lucian","family":"Dumitrascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8579-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei Vasile","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Ismaiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Dumitru","family":"Brata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9062-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria Claudia","family":"Turtoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Chiarioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Il Cerchio Med Global Healthcare, Verona Center, 37100 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo Vincenzo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Zsigmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Babes-Bolyai University, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7497-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan","family":"Czako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Corneliu","family":"Leucuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14120","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14120","article-title":"Chicago Classification Version 4.0\u00a9 Technical Review: Update on Standard High-Resolution Manometry Protocol for the Assessment of Esophageal Motility","volume":"33","author":"Fox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. 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