{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:54:44Z","timestamp":1792979684687,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Hematological disorders, especially chronic anemia and coagulation disorders, are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Severe anemia is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this special group of patients and is also responsible for decreased hope and quality of life. Despite the use of appropriate iron therapy and erythropoietin-stimulating agents, red blood cell transfusion is occasionally required, usually in the setting of acute bleeding or for correction of perioperative anemia. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the progression of chronic diseases and worsened the outcomes for patients with nephrological conditions. As a precautionary measure against infections, patients\u2019 access to hospitalization for their procedures has been reduced and their chronic complications, including hematological abnormalities, have gotten out of control. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective observational study was designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood transfusion for the patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized in our emergency county medical unit, over a period of four years (2019\u20132022) who were admitted or at least referred for evaluation to the Nephrology department. We also followed the measures adopted to ensure the necessary blood products during this time. Results: Between 2190\u20132022, a total of 24,096 hospitalized patients were transfused at the Emergency County Clinical Hospital in Constanta, Romania. Meanwhile, in the nephrology and other medical or surgical wards of our medical unit, 1590 CKD patients were transfused with different blood derivatives. During the pandemic years, as expected, the number of transfused patients and transfused blood units decreased by 4% and 7%, respectively, in comparison with the pre-pandemic year, 2019. Unlike the general trend of transfusion activity, more patients with CKD transfused in 2022 (580) than before the pandemic (414 in 2019), and the number of blood units was higher in 2022 than in 2019 for red blood products and plasma. Between 2020\u20132022, from the total number of transfused patients in our study, 254 with CKD patients (16%) and 798 non-CKD (4%) died in-hospital. Conclusions: The adaptive strategies implemented to ensure the necessary blood products in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly included restrictive transfusion and limitation of elective surgical procedures. The subject matter of the article is important as blood shortages are a problem that healthcare workers may encounter in future pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:51:43Z","timestamp":1726620703000},"page":"1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Transfusion among Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sevigean","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3956-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Botnarciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Blood Transfusions Unit, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Constanta, Bdul Tomis nr. 145, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulia-Andreea","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1420-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Alexandru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Constanta, Bdul Tomis nr. 145, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana-Ana","family":"Tuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Constanta, Bdul Tomis nr. 145, 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Medical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia Carmen","family":"Daba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6302-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard","family":"Gurgas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3275-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiu Ioachim","family":"Chirila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Disciplines Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Campus B, Aleea Universitatii nr. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.444","article-title":"Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: Behind the scenes, need for guidance, and a framework for moving forward","volume":"85","author":"Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16422","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown regarding blood transfusion","volume":"61","author":"Delabranche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.181405","article-title":"Improving supply of safe blood and reducing cost of transfusion service through haemovigilance","volume":"16","author":"Arewa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Niger. 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