{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:06:46Z","timestamp":1765976806845,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research Unit","award":["TYL-2021-532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYL-2021-532"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Orienteering is a sport characterized by high physical exertion and intense mental demands, which increase susceptibility to errors. Understanding the impact of such errors on psychophysiological responses, particularly on heart rate variability (HRV), is essential. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychophysiological indicators and checkpoint errors made by elite orienteers during official competition. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three orienteers participated in this study, and their performance was continuously monitored and recorded by using a global positioning system (GPS) and HRV data. Errors made during the orienteering events were identified and analyzed. HRV data were examined in three temporal segments: before, during, and after the identified and standardized errors. Results: The analyses indicated that errors significantly impacted HRV indices across multiple domains: the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear domain. Additionally, a significant effect of sex on the normalized the root mean square of successive differences (r-MSSD) before and after the error was observed. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the significant impact of errors made by orienteers on cardiovascular responses, as evidenced by measurable alterations in HRV metrics. Cardiovascular activity, represented by the HRV, can provide useful information for coaches and sport psychologists to adopt effective training programs for athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60091547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1727062598000},"page":"1547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Orienteering Is More than Just Running! Acute Effect of Competitive Pressure on Autonomic Cardiac Activity among Elite Orienteering Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2590-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recep","family":"Gorgulu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology of Elite Performance Laboratory (PePLaB), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-516X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilal","family":"Oru\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1264-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Sciences Department, Faculty of Letters and Sciences, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"Corlaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Sports Education Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Voinea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Sport and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education of Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199724060-00005","article-title":"Physiological and Biomechanical Aspects of Orienteering","volume":"24","author":"Creagh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410903406190","article-title":"Changes in Running Pattern due to Fatigue and Cognitive Load in Orienteering","volume":"28","author":"Millet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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