{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:32:58Z","timestamp":1767652378381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional San Alberto Magno"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity that requires surgical correction to restore proper alignment. Precision in the osteotomies performed during these surgeries is critical to avoid complications and improve outcomes. However, variability in surgeon experience can negatively affect precision. In this context, advances in 3D printing have enabled the development of customized surgical guides, which may enhance precision and reduce variability among surgeons with different levels of expertise. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3D-printed surgical guide in minimally invasive hallux valgus correction, focusing on the accuracy of osteotomies performed by novice surgeons, experienced surgeons, and theoretically trained consultants. Methods: An ex vivo study was performed with 30 cadaveric feet, divided into three groups according to the level of experience of the surgeons: 3D guide group, Master\u2019s students, professionals. All surgeons performed Akin and Reverdin-Isham osteotomies, but the experimental group (the 3D guide group) utilized a customized 3D-printed surgical guide for enhanced precision during these procedures. Radiographic measurements of osteotomy angles and alignment were taken after the interventions, and compared with the planned values. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the variability in the precision of the cuts. Results: The use of the 3D-printed surgical guide significantly reduced angular variability in the experienced group, achieving higher levels of accuracy than experienced surgeons. Effect sizes, which ranged from small to large, indicated a greater impact on angle measurements (\u03b72 = 0.46, p &lt; 0.001); no significant differences were found between the groups in other evaluated parameters. Conclusions: The incorporation of 3D-printed surgical guides in hallux valgus surgery significantly improves osteotomy accuracy, particularly in less experienced surgeons. This suggests that these guides can help standardize procedures, reduce the learning curve, and lower intraoperative complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T03:57:08Z","timestamp":1727841428000},"page":"1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surgical Precision of MICA and Reverdin-Isham Using 3D-Printed Guides: A Cadaveric Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ehrling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, C\/Ramiro de Maeztu 14, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7321-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Nieto-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, C\/Ramiro de Maeztu 14, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Ramirez-Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, C\/Ramiro de Maeztu 14, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Nieto-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, C\/Ramiro de Maeztu 14, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, C\/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9956-5313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagunto Hospital, Generalitat Valenciana, C\/Ram\u00f3n y Cajal 1, 46520 Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4617-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ferrer-Torregrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, C\/Ramiro de Maeztu 14, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716656440","article-title":"Minimally Invasive and Open Distal Chevron Osteotomy for Mild to Moderate Hallux Valgus","volume":"37","author":"Brogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuspru.2013.02.007","article-title":"Complications in minimally invasive foot surgery","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fu\u00df Sprunggelenk"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.1139","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Forefoot Surgery: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"33","author":"Dhukaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718786883","article-title":"Risk of Damaging Anatomical Structures During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Correction (B\u00f6sch Technique): An Anatomical Study","volume":"39","author":"Kaipel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Sandhu, K., Singh, S., Prakash, C., Subburaj, K., and Ramakrishna, S. 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