{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:55:22Z","timestamp":1787028922451,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University","award":["TU-DSPP-2024-191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TU-DSPP-2024-191"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc phosphate (ZnP) cement, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and nano-integrated bio-ceramic (NIB) cement on mineralization when placed in contact with bone tissue-forming cells. Materials and Methods: ZnP cement, GIC, and NIB cement were divided into direct and indirect groups. A total of 72 cement pellets (24 pellets of each test sample) of 3 \u00d7 1 mm (width \u00d7 height) were prepared using polytetrafluoroethylene molds. A total of 3 sample groups were demarcated using 96- cell well culture plates. In the control group, 24 wells were filled with mineralized osteoblasts and 1 \u00b5L of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). In test group 1, to show a direct effect, 36 samples were plated with mineralized osteoblasts and 1 \u00b5L GCF for 24 h; the cells were directly exposed to cement pellets. A total of 36 samples were immersed in GCF for 24 h; later the supernatant was transferred to the mineralized osteoblasts to demonstrate an indirect effect in test group 2. To assess the mineralization, osteoblasts were stained with alizarin red and later observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. An independent t-test compared the direct and indirect effects of the ZnP cement, GIC, NIB cement, and control groups on the mineralization of osteoblasts derived from hDPCs. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the ZnP cement, GIC, and NIB cement groups (p &lt; 0.05). ZnP cement exhibited a moderate, NIB cement the least harmful effect, and GIC showed the most harmful effect on the mineralization of osteoblast cells. Conclusions: The biocompatibility of dental luting cements is an important aspect that clinicians should consider during their selection. Nano-integrated bio-ceramic cement showed the least negative effect on the mineralization of osteoblast cells which is beneficial for the cementation of cement-retained implant prostheses. However, further studies are needed to evaluate osteoblast and osteoclast activity in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T06:00:57Z","timestamp":1728021657000},"page":"1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation and Comparison of the Effect of Three Dental Luting Cements on Mineralized Bone Derived from Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sneha","family":"Bajoria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist in Prosthetic Dentistry, DenStop Dental Clinic, Mahendra Road, Kolkata 700025, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwetha Rajesh","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist in Prosthetic Dentistry, Rajesh Shetty\u2019s Dental Speciality Centre, Morwada, Pimpri, Pune 410014, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Bandela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6150-6759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shital","family":"Sonune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan Noor","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulashekar Reddy","family":"Nandalur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0251-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anil Kumar","family":"Nagarajappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad Obaid","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aljowharah Ali","family":"Alsattam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eatedal Mukhlef","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alreem Abdulaziz","family":"Alnuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miad Abdulnasser","family":"Alahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saraswathi","family":"Kanaparthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LikeKare Dental Clinic & Implant Center, Saidabad, Hyderabad 500070, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa Abdelaziz A.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2017). 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