{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:36:05Z","timestamp":1789662965622,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity poses a significant and growing risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), requiring comprehensive evaluation and management strategies. This review explores the intricate relationship between obesity and CKD, emphasizing the diverse phenotypes of obesity, including sarcopenic obesity and metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obesity, and their differential impact on kidney function. We discuss the epidemiological evidence linking elevated body mass index (BMI) with CKD risk while also addressing the paradoxical survival benefits observed in obese CKD patients. Various measures of obesity, such as BMI, waist circumference, and visceral fat assessment, are evaluated in the context of CKD progression and outcomes. Mechanistic insights into how obesity promotes renal dysfunction through lipid metabolism, inflammation, and altered renal hemodynamics are elucidated, underscoring the role of adipokines and the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system. Furthermore, the review examines current strategies for assessing kidney function in obese individuals, including the strengths and limitations of filtration markers and predictive equations. The management of obesity and associated comorbidities like arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in CKD patients is discussed. Finally, gaps in the current literature and future research directions aimed at optimizing the management of obesity-related CKD are highlighted, emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic approaches to mitigate the growing burden of this intertwined epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:10:16Z","timestamp":1728634216000},"page":"1668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Exploring Adiposity and Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Implications, Management Strategies, Prognostic Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2828-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lasin","family":"Ozbek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1980-7749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sama Mahmoud","family":"Abdel-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selen","family":"Unlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Guldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidar","family":"Copur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3424-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Burlacu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cProf. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu\u201d, 700503 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Covic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Center \u201cC.I. Parhon\u201d University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kanbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ko\u00e7 University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.102344","article-title":"Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"49","author":"Sebastian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. 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