{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:35:23Z","timestamp":1792805723271,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Chair \u2018Innovation + Research in Human Wellbeing\u2019 (University of Granada)","award":["2022\/CH\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/CH\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04njjy449","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an integral HAMMAM experience, a 4-week therapeutic program that combined hydrotherapy and Swedish massage, applied in a multisensorial immersive environment, on pain, well-being and quality of life (QoL) in women with endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain that is unresponsive to conventional treatment. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 44 women with endometriosis. They were randomly allocated to either the \u2018HAMMAM\u2019 group (n = 21) or to a control group (n = 23). The primary outcome, pain intensity, was evaluated using numeric rating scales (NRSs). The secondary outcomes were pain interference, pain-related catastrophic thoughts, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), subjective well-being, functional capacity and QoL, which were evaluated using the brief pain inventory (BPI), the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), algometry, the subjective well-being scale-20 (EBS-20), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS-29) and the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 Questionnaire (EHP-30), respectively. The primary and secondary outcomes were measured at the baseline and after the intervention. The statistical (between-group analyses of covariance) and clinical effects were analyzed by the intention to treat. Results: The adherence rate was 100.0% and the mean (\u00b1 standard deviation) satisfaction was 9.71 \u00b1 0.46 out of 10. No remarkable health problems were reported during the trial. The \u2018HAMMAM\u2019 intervention improved dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia after the intervention with large and moderate effect sizes, respectively. Improvements in pain interference during sleep and PPTs in the pelvic region were also observed in women allocated to the \u2018HAMMAM\u2019 group. No effects were observed in catastrophizing thoughts, well-being nor QoL, except for the sleep subscale. Conclusions: A 4-week program of an integral \u2018HAMMAM\u2019 experience combining hydrotherapy and massage in a multisensorial immersive environment is a feasible and effective intervention to alleviate pain during menstruation and sexual intercourse as well as pain interference with sleep in women with endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T05:47:58Z","timestamp":1728884878000},"page":"1677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Benefits of an Integral HAMMAM Experience Combining Hydrotherapy and Swedish Massage on Pain, Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life in Women with Endometriosis-Related Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9013-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Arcos-Azubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ruiz-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6517-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Manuel","family":"Peinado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mundo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Psychology Center Alarc\u00f3n (CPCA), E-18004 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Lara-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, \u2018Virgen de las Nieves\u2019 University Hospital, E-18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Salinas-Asensio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Artacho-Cord\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1valos Marfil, A., Barranco Castillo, E., Martos Garc\u00eda, R., Mendoza Ladr\u00f3n de Guevara, N., and Mazheika, M. (2021). Epidemiology of Endometriosis in Spain and Its Autonomous Communities: A Large, Nationwide Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157861"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00389-5","article-title":"Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease: Clinical challenges and novel innovations","volume":"397","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Salvago, F., Lara-Ramos, A., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Mazheika, M., Mundo-L\u00f3pez, A., Galiano-Castillo, N., Fern\u00e1ndez-Lao, C., Arroyo-Morales, M., Oc\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez, O., and Artacho-Cord\u00f3n, F. (2020). Chronic Fatigue, Physical Impairments and Quality of Life in Women with Endometriosis: A Case-Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103610"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa463","article-title":"Widespread Pain Hypersensitivity and Lumbopelvic Impairments in Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis","volume":"22","author":"Mazheika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mundo-L\u00f3pez, A., Oc\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez, O., San-Sebasti\u00e1n, A.P., Galiano-Castillo, N., Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez, O., Arroyo-Luque, M.S., Arroyo-Morales, M., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fern\u00e1ndez-Lao, C., and Artacho-Cord\u00f3n, F. (2020). Contribution of Chronic Fatigue to Psychosocial Status and Quality of Life in Spanish Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113831"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13508","article-title":"Reduced pain thresholds and signs of sensitization in women with persistent pelvic pain and suspected endometriosis","volume":"98","author":"Gerdle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7506205050","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2021.044974","article-title":"Limitations in Activities of Daily Living among Spanish Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.04.008","article-title":"Impact of symptom burden on work performance status in Spanish women diagnosed with endometriosis","volume":"261","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.004","article-title":"Reevaluating response and failure of medical treatment of endometriosis: A systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Becker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23590","article-title":"Assessment of levator hiatal area using 3D\/4D transperineal ultrasound in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and superficial dyspareunia treated with pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Arena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.06.020","article-title":"Effect of a Multimodal Supervised Therapeutic Exercise Program on Quality of Life, Pain, and Lumbopelvic Impairments in Women with Endometriosis Unresponsive to Conventional Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"104","author":"Peinado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"167","article-title":"The effects of massage therapy on dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis","volume":"15","author":"Valiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00f3mez, E., Alcaraz-Mart\u00ednez, A.M., Moll\u00e0-Casanova, S., Sempere-Rubio, N., Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Serra-A\u00f1\u00f3, P., and Ingl\u00e9s, M. (2023). Effectiveness of a Manual Therapy Protocol in Women with Pelvic Pain Due to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093310"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.10.018","article-title":"Hormonal treatment isolated versus hormonal treatment associated with electrotherapy for pelvic pain control in deep endometriosis: Randomized clinical trial","volume":"255","author":"Mira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101517","article-title":"Effectiveness of intracavitary monopolar dielectric radiofrequency in women with endometriosis-associated pain: A case series","volume":"46","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1982.3.3.133","article-title":"An electromyographic analysis of the effectiveness of heat or cold and stretching for inducing relaxation in injured muscle","volume":"3","author":"Prentice","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90143-0","article-title":"Reduction of pain-related behaviors with either cold or heat treatment in an animal model of acute arthritis","volume":"80","author":"Sluka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Moros, E. (2013). Physics of Thermal Therapy: Fundamentals and Clinical Applications, CRC Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, J., Lee, I., and Yi, Y. (2019). The Thermal Effects of Water Immersion on Health Outcomes: An Integrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071280"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.09.012","article-title":"Effects of a 16-week hydrotherapy program on three-dimensional scapular motion and pain of women with fibromyalgia: A single-arm study","volume":"49","author":"Avila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2017.06.012","article-title":"Hydrotherapy improves pain and function in older women with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Dias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c332","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c332","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"340","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S158847","article-title":"Test-retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain","volume":"11","author":"Alghadir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu046","article-title":"Systematic review of endometriosis pain assessment: How to choose a scale?","volume":"21","author":"Bourdel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(03)73601-X","article-title":"Validation of the Spanish version of the Brief Pain Inventory in patients with oncological pain","volume":"120","author":"Badia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2003.12.005","article-title":"Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2023.04.011","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the short form brief pain inventory in older adults with nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic pain","volume":"52","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"487","article-title":"Validation of the Spanish version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in fibromyalgia","volume":"131","author":"Rodero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005548801037","article-title":"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Further psychometric evaluation with adult samples","volume":"23","author":"Osman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318154b6ae","article-title":"Interrater reliability of algometry in measuring pressure pain thresholds in healthy humans, using multiple raters","volume":"23","author":"Chesterton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"185","article-title":"Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo (EBS-20 y EBS-8): Construcci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n","volume":"2","author":"Calleja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Diagn\u00f3stico Evaluaci\u00f3n-E Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1885","article-title":"PROMIS(\u00ae)-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores","volume":"27","author":"Hays","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res. Int. J. Qual. Life Asp. Treat. Care Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"258","article-title":"Development of an endometriosis quality-of-life instrument: The Endometriosis Health Profile-30","volume":"98","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2020.1795827","article-title":"Toward an improved assessment of quality of life in endometriosis: Evaluation of the Spanish version of the Endometriosis Health Profile 30","volume":"43","author":"Agababyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1631771","article-title":"Short-term benefits of balneotherapy for patients with chronic pelvic pain: A pilot study in Korea","volume":"40","author":"Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. J. Inst. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1028","article-title":"The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Fatoye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Care"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0674-9","article-title":"The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the management of fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"McVeigh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5114\/pq.2020.95772","article-title":"The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"28","author":"Christakou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiother. Q."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy044","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of hydrotherapy versus land-based therapy in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in Singapore","volume":"41","author":"Teng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.514","article-title":"Pain threshold and sleep quality in women with endometriosis","volume":"19","author":"Nunes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.12.010","article-title":"The relationship between sleep disturbances and endometriosis: A systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Sumbodo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20090030","article-title":"Effectiveness of aquatic exercise and balneotherapy: A summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of water immersion therapies","volume":"20","author":"Kamioka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eversden, L., Maggs, F., Nightingale, P., and Jobanputra, P. (2007). A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of hydrotherapy and land exercises on overall well being and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-23"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S161494","article-title":"Impact of water therapy on pain management in patients with fibromyalgia: Current perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Andrade","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaaslan, Y., Karakus, A., Koc, D.O., Bayrakli, A., and Celenay, S.T. (2024). Effectiveness of Abdominal Massage Versus Kinesio Taping in Women With Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm23131"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez, P., Leir\u00f3s-Rodr\u00edguez, R., Marqu\u00e9s-S\u00e1nchez, M.P., Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez, M.C., de Carvalho, F.O., and Maciel, L.Y.S. (2023). Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in women with dyspareunia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02532-8"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2009.01202.x","article-title":"Thiele massage as a therapeutic option for women with chronic pelvic pain caused by tenderness of pelvic floor muscles","volume":"16","author":"Montenegro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eval. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2022.0130","article-title":"The effect of transverse friction massage on pain and quality of life in women with chronic pelvic pain: A quasi-experimental study","volume":"30","author":"Ersin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ther. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Forno, S., Cocchi, L., Arena, A., Pellizzone, V., Lenzi, J., Raffone, A., Borghese, G., Paradisi, R., Youssef, A., and Casadio, P. (2023). Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Physiotherapy on Urinary, Bowel, and Sexual Functions in Women with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina, 60.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010067"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4723","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004723","article-title":"The effectiveness of complementary manual therapies for pregnancy-related back and pelvic pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Hall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.22271\/kheljournal.2023.v10.i6c.3153","article-title":"Cumulative effects of Swedish massage and physical exercise on anthropometric parameters and pain intensity in women suffering from low back pain in Yaounde (Cameroon)","volume":"10","author":"Hamadou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Educ. Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"156","article-title":"The effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on severity of primary dysmenorrhea in Arsanjan students","volume":"20","author":"Bakhtshirin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39531","DOI":"10.2196\/39531","article-title":"Pain Reduction with an Immersive Digital Therapeutic Tool in Women Living with Endometriosis-Related Pelvic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"24","author":"Merlot","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.04.049","article-title":"The impact of music therapy on pain and stress reduction during oocyte retrieval\u2014A randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/08098131.2020.1761867","article-title":"The effects of music listening on the management of pain in primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"29","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nord. J. Music Ther."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.20540\/JIAPTR.2016.7.2.1056","article-title":"Effects of music therapy and ball exercise on menstrual discomforts among women in their 20s","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Acad. Phys. Ther. Res."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/10\/1677\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:12:29Z","timestamp":1760112749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/10\/1677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60101677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60101677","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]}}}