{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:31:44Z","timestamp":1763389904940,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis poses significant health risks, especially among veterans, due to lifestyle factors. This study compares bone density and fracture risks between male veterans and non-veterans. Materials and\u00a0Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1427 veterans from the Taichung Veterans General Hospital osteoporosis database (2010\u20132022), matched 1:1 by age and gender with non-veterans. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Comorbidities, fracture sites, and mortality data were tracked. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing fracture risk. Results: The study found that veterans have a higher fracture risk (univariable OR 1.24, multivariable OR 1.20, p &lt; 0.001). Fracture victims were slightly younger in the veterans group (78.7 \u00b1 10.0 years vs. 80.1 \u00b1 9.2 years, p = 0.010), who also had better T-scores in the lumbar spine and left femoral neck. Veterans showed a higher post-fracture mortality rate (39.9% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.001) and a greater incidence of radial fractures (5.01% vs. 2.96%, p = 0.036). Importantly, veterans exhibited a trend toward more hip fractures compared with non-veterans (27.0% vs. 23.6%, p = 1.017), suggesting a potential difference despite not reaching statistical significance. Conclusions: In the present study, we found that veterans have higher rates of comorbidities, and higher mortality after a fracture event, highlighting the need for targeted medical interventions to address these differences. Further intervention to prevent avoidable fractures and the provision of adequate care for long-term osteoporosis management remain critical issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:52:54Z","timestamp":1730713974000},"page":"1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Bone Mineral Density Between Veterans and Non-Veterans and Its Impact on Fracture Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ya-Lien","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Osteoporosis Prevention Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6201-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Sheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7593-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tse-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Ruei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsu-Tung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"},{"name":"Lee\u2019s Medical Corporation, Taichung 437, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","article-title":"Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis","volume":"194","author":"Lane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. 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