{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1761198407395,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Executive Agency","award":["101079489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101079489"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are among the main disease-driving players in most cases of monoarthritis (MonoA), oligoarthritis, and polyarthritis. In this review, we look at the characteristics and therapeutic challenges at the onset of arthritis and during follow-up management. In some cases, these forms of arthritis develop into autoimmune polyarthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas local eradication of the RA synovium could still be combined with systemic treatment using immunosuppressive agents. Currently, the outcomes of local synovectomies are well studied; however, there is still a lack of a comprehensive analysis of current local intra-articular treatments highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review local intra-articular therapy strategies. According to publications from the last decade on clinical studies focused on intra-articular treatment with anti-inflammatory molecules, a range of novel slow-acting forms of steroidal drugs for the local treatment of synovitis have been investigated. As pain is an essential symptom, caused by both inflammation and cartilage damage, various molecules acting on pain receptors are being investigated in clinical trials as potential targets for local intra-articular treatment. We also overview the new targets for local treatment, including surface markers and intracellular proteins, non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), etc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T08:25:14Z","timestamp":1730795114000},"page":"1819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Challenges of Local Intra-Articular Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gailute","family":"Kirdaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personalised Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Denkovskij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8412-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Mieliauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personalised Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolita","family":"Pachaleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiva","family":"Bernotiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, VilniusTech, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.09.013","article-title":"OARSI-FDA Initiative: Defining the Disease State of Osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Lane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. 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