{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T07:20:27Z","timestamp":1784013627691,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Non-union is a severe complication of traumatic fracture that often leads to disability and decreased quality of life, with treatment remaining complex due to a lack of standardized protocols. This study examines the effectiveness of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) for non-union in patients who have a failed open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with confirmed non-union at least 9 months post-ORIF or total hip replacement were enrolled. These patients received ACS treatment on the lesion sites once to three times monthly and were followed up. Efficacy was monitored through monthly X-rays to assess callus formation and bone union. Results: Seven patients received ACS three times, three patients received it twice, and the one who underwent total hip replacement received it once. Ten patients achieved union at the last follow-up visit, indicating the effectiveness of ACS in non-union cases unresponsive to ORIF. ACS demonstrated promising results in facilitating bone union in these challenging cases. Conclusions: ACS has the potential as an alternative or adjective treatment for non-union and is worthy of being investigated further for the benefits of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T09:24:13Z","timestamp":1730971453000},"page":"1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Autologous Conditioned Serum on Non-Union After Open Reduction Internal Fixation Failure: A Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Pen-Gang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Fu-Ya Medical Clinic, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man-Kuan","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chian-Her","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Jen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taipei 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuender D.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mackay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6201-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Sheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40220, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200000","article-title":"Biomechanics of bone: Determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality","volume":"13","author":"Turner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoporos. 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