{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:21:57Z","timestamp":1780449717640,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the active range of motion (ROM) of the affected upper extremity and functional capacity in children with Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy (OBPP) who have undergone the modified Hoffer tendon transfer technique. Materials and Methods: The study cohort comprised 52 children with OBPP, aged 4\u201314 years, who had undergone a shoulder tendon transfer. The ROM was quantified using a goniometer, while functionality was evaluated through the administration of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM). Results: The study identified significant correlations between the shoulder ROM and the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM). Specifically, shoulder flexion (p = 0.017; r = 0.351) was positively associated with shoulder functionality, while shoulder internal rotation (p = 0.001; r = 0.481) was linked to appearance scores. A significant negative relationship was observed between elbow extension (p &lt; 0.001; r = \u22120.512) and elbow and forearm activities. Conclusions: The study highlights the necessity of assessing both joint range of motion and body perception for effective treatment and follow-up, to improve the functionality and quality of life for children with OBPP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T08:01:27Z","timestamp":1731312087000},"page":"1850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy and Functional Implications: Which Joint in the Upper Extremity Is More Closely Associated?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-1607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclsena","family":"Utku Umut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Ho\u015fbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcberra","family":"Tanr\u0131verdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vak\u0131f University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcleser G\u00fcney","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Okyar","family":"Alta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hand Surgeon, Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am and Sakura City Hospital, 34480 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alperen","family":"Korucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopedic Surgeon, Silivri State Hospital, 34570 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atakan","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14381","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal brachial plexus palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Tanghe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.007","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: Incidence, prevalence, and temporal trends","volume":"38","author":"Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03479.x","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: A prospective, population-based study of incidence, recovery, and residual impairment at 18 months of age","volume":"52","author":"Lagerkvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"351","article-title":"Traumatic brachial plexus palsy in children","volume":"9","author":"Dumontier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Chir. Main. Memb. Super."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15008","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus palsy and hand representation in children and young adults","volume":"64","author":"Hermans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2018304","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2020\/38\/2018304","article-title":"Qual\u0131ty of Life and Upper Limb Function of Children with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy","volume":"38","author":"Medeiros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Paul. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x","article-title":"Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Pondaag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frade, F., G\u00f3mez-Salgado, J., Jacobsohn, L., and Florindo-Silva, F. (2019). Rehabilitation of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy: Integrative Literature Review. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070980"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.05.007","article-title":"Sensory outcomes following brachial plexus birth palsy: A systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Corkum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.03.004","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus lesions and central developmental disability","volume":"88","author":"Buitenhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00204.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy II: Neurophysiological aspects","volume":"49","author":"Remahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.09.036","article-title":"Psychological adjustment, maternal distress, and family functioning in children with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"38","author":"Alyanak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00611.x","article-title":"Aspects of activities and participation in daily life related to body structure and function in adolescents with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy: A descriptive follow-up study","volume":"92","author":"Fernell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23901","article-title":"Outcome assessment for Brachial Plexus birth injury. Results from the iPluto world-wide consensus survey","volume":"36","author":"Pondaag","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res. Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.05.014","article-title":"Function of the unaffected arms of children with neonatal brachial plexus injuries","volume":"22","author":"Matthews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001629","article-title":"Primary Nerve Repair for Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Injury: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"136","author":"Coroneos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.5.JNS23673","article-title":"Brain plasticity and age after restoring elbow flexion with distal nerve transfers in neonatal brachial plexus palsy and non neonatal traumatic brachial plexus injury using the plasticity grading scale","volume":"139","author":"Socolovsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-016-9374-3","article-title":"The natural history and management of brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"9","author":"Buterbaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Chen, J., Wang, J., Zhang, T., and Chen, Z. (2023). Review of rehabilitation protocols for brachial plexus injury. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1084223"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, S.A., Nice, E.M., Chafetz, R.S., Richards, J.G., Zlotolow, D.A., and Kozin, S.H. (2024). Impact of tendon transfer on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral motion in children with brachial plexus birth injuries. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.06.027"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bth.0000153632.61905.be","article-title":"Brachioradialis transposition for elbow extension in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"9","author":"Ozkan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tech. Hand Up. Extrem. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"185","article-title":"Transfer Of Brach\u0131al\u0131s Muscle To Tr\u0131ceps For Restoration of Elbow Extension In Patients with Obstetr\u0131c Palsy Sequelae","volume":"85","author":"Bicer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Istanb. Fac. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosbay, Z., Utku Umut, G., Tanr\u0131verdi, M., Altas, O., and Aydin, A. (2024). Effect of Muscle Strength on Functionality after Shoulder Tendon Transfer in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Is There a Relationship between Them?. Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11091125"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"Altman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200202000-00007","article-title":"The American academy of orthopedic surgeons outcomes instruments: Normative values from the general population","volume":"84","author":"Hunsaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Otman, A.S., and K\u00f6se, N. (2019). Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel De\u011ferlendirme Prensipleri, Hipokrat Kitabevi."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.05.002","article-title":"The brachial plexus outcome measure: Development, internal consistency, and construct validity","volume":"25","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.10.006","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"32","author":"Hosbay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.009","article-title":"Linking assessment instruments for brachial plexus injury to the international classification of functioning, disability and health","volume":"36","author":"Dantas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5213","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2298708","article-title":"Patient reported outcomes in brachial plexus birth injury: Results from the iPLUTO world-wide consensus survey","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22.00165","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.22.00165","article-title":"Tendon Transfers to Restore Shoulder Function for Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"11","author":"Thamer","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.16.03910-1","article-title":"Postoperative physical therapy program for latissimus dorsi and teres major tendons transfer to rotator cuff in children with obstetrical brachial plexus injury","volume":"53","author":"Safoury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007037","article-title":"Shoulder Release and Tendon Transfer following Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy: Gains, Losses, and Midline Function","volume":"146","author":"Adidharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12677","article-title":"Developing a decision aid for youth with brachial plexus birth injuries facing treatment decisions for an elbow flexion contracture","volume":"14","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00750","article-title":"The prevalence, rate of progression, and treatment of elbow flexion contracture in children with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"94","author":"Sheffler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1473512","article-title":"Elbow flexion contractures in brachial plexus birth injury: Function and appearance related factors","volume":"41","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"215","article-title":"Interpretations of utility and their implications for the valuation of health","volume":"118","author":"Dolan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Economics"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181a6bf90","article-title":"Corrective osteotomies and osteosynthesis for supination contracture of the forearm in children","volume":"29","author":"Rolfe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamdi, N.B., Doubi, M., Abalkhail, T.B., and Mortada, H. (2022). Clinical and psychosocial outcomes following correction of supination deformity in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy patients: A retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05765-0"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835523300025","article-title":"Forearm Deformities in Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy\u2014Patient Profile and Management Algorithm","volume":"28","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Asian Pac. Vol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200205000-00026","article-title":"The, \u201cbeggar\u2019s\u201d hand and the \u201cunshakable\u201d hand in children with total obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"109","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/11\/1850\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:29:42Z","timestamp":1760113782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/11\/1850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60111850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60111850","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]}}}