{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:26:38Z","timestamp":1790832398864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the minimal effective dose of indocyanine green (ICG) required for accurately assessing colonic perfusion during laparoscopic colorectal surgery using a laser-assisted laparoscopic near-infrared (NIR) camera system. Materials and Methods: In 15 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing right hemicolectomy, the left branch of the middle colic artery was preserved, and ICG angiography was performed in the transverse colon. To determine the optimal ICG dose, experimental doses of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mg of ICG per patient\u2019s body weight (kg) were administered intravenously in each group. Additionally, a conventional dose of 0.2 mg\/kg was administered in the same patients more than 30 min after the initial dose. For quantitative analysis, the fluorescent expression region was extracted, and fluorescence intensity was analyzed using automatic image processing. Analysis accessibility, T1\/2MAX, perfusion time ratio, slope, artificial intelligence (AI)-based perfusion pattern analysis, and washout time were measured in 150 detailed regions of interest in each image. Results: Group 1 (0.01 mg\/kg) showed significantly lower accessibility rates for quantitative analysis (48.0%) compared with Groups 2\u20135 (84.7\u2013100%). The mean slope value in Group 1 was 3.7, which fell below the acceptable threshold (&gt;4) and was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p &lt; 0.001). An acceptable AI-based perfusion pattern was 14.2% in Group 1, significantly lower than in Groups 2\u20135 (66.4\u2013100%). Washout time was significantly faster with minimal doses compared with conventional doses (39.0 \u00b1 15.8 s vs. 117.5 \u00b1 4.9 s, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This study supports the use of minimal ICG doses, ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 mg\/kg, to optimize repetitive ICG angiography using a laser-assisted laparoscopic NIR camera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60121966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1732849028000},"page":"1966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyung Mo","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Sook","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong-Sook","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3935-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Jung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2928-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang-Ryul","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2021.00045.0006","article-title":"Laparoscopy offers better clinical outcomes and long-term survival in patients with right colon cancer: Experience from national cancer center","volume":"38","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. 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