{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:13:34Z","timestamp":1786947214904,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Suicide is a pressing public health issue globally, including in Brazil, where it ranks among the leading causes of mortality. This study aimed to analyze the spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal distribution of suicide mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2022. Materials and Methods: Using secondary data from the Mortality Information System of Brazil\u2019s 5570 municipalities, an ecological study of time series was conducted. Segmented linear regression (Joinpoint 4.6 version) was used to calculate temporal trends, while Moran\u2019s indices were employed to analyze spatial autocorrelations. Retrospective scanning was utilized to investigate spatiotemporal clusters, and choropleth maps were developed to visualize high-risk areas. Results: The analysis revealed the occurrence of 240,843 suicides in Brazil, with higher percentages in the southeast, south, and northeast regions. The south, central\u2013west, and southeast regions exhibited the highest mortality rates, predominantly among white, single men, aged 20 to 59, with 1 to 11 years of schooling. Intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation was the main cause. The general trend of mortality due to suicide in Brazil was increasing (AAPC: 2.9; CI 95%: 2.6 to 3.0), with emphasis on the age groups from 10 to 19 years (AAPC: 3.7; CI 95%: 2.9 to 4.5) and 20\u201339 years old (AAPC: 2.9; CI 95%: 2.3 to 3.5). The brutal and smoothed rates revealed areas of high mortality in the south, north, and central\u2013west regions. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need to direct resources and efforts to the south and midwest regions of Brazil, where suicide rates are the highest. Additionally, implementing targeted prevention programs for young men, who are the most affected, is essential to reduce suicide mortality in these areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60122083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:50:44Z","timestamp":1734591044000},"page":"2083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Temporal Trends and Identification of Suicide Mortality Risk Areas in Brazil (2000\u20132022): Are We Dealing with an Underestimated Epidemic?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Danilo de Gois","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Almeida","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9630-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Augusto Passos","family":"G\u00f3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Ricardo Santos de","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9151-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Santos","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9767-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ca\u00edque Jordan Nunes","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Marcos de Jesus","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), University Tiradentes, Aracaju 49037-120, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson Lucas Silva","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro Francisco Lopes","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital S\u00edrio-Liban\u00eas, S\u00e3o Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79603-011, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3195-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliane Moretti","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Tr\u00eas Lagoas 79603-011, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina Claudia da Silva","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital S\u00edrio-Liban\u00eas, S\u00e3o Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Bezerra","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Nursing Science Complex, Federal University of Alagoas, Macei\u00f3 57309-005, AL, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirley Veronica Melo Almeida","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Aparecida Arena","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan Dantas","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Research Center (NISC\/UFS), Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2017-0679","article-title":"Experiencing suicide in the family: From mourning to the quest for overcoming","volume":"71","author":"Dutra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. 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Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/12\/2083\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:55:32Z","timestamp":1760115332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/12\/2083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60122083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60122083","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]}}}