{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:13:10Z","timestamp":1793391190426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Spine surgery has undergone significant advancements, particularly with regard to robotic systems that enhance surgical techniques and improve patient outcomes. As these technologies become increasingly integrated into surgical practice, it is essential to evaluate their added value and cost savings. Hence, this study compared robot-assisted and navigation-based spine surgery, focusing on surgical efficiency. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing single- and double-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgeries. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had robot-assisted and navigation-based surgeries, stratified by surgery type (TLIF or OLIF) and fusion levels (one or two). A comparative analysis of factors related to surgical efficiency, including operative duration, blood loss, and length of hospital stay, was conducted. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant reduction in operative duration for robot-assisted one- and two-level OLIF cases, with average time savings of 50 and 62 min, respectively, compared to navigation-based surgery. These time savings translated to an estimated cost reduction of SGD 1500 for the hospital for each patient for a two-level OLIF procedure and could be higher as the number of operated levels increase. Conclusions: These results indicated that robot-assisted spine surgery offers superior surgical efficiency and cost savings, particularly with increased numbers of surgical levels. As robotic technologies evolve, their integration into spine surgery is justified, promising improved patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60122112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T05:58:27Z","timestamp":1734933507000},"page":"2112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Does Robotic Spine Surgery Add Value to Surgical Practice over Navigation-Based Systems? A Study on Operating Room Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1659-0570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pirateb","family":"Paramasivam Meenakshi Sundaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Yang Yao","family":"Peh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane Wenjin","family":"Poh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guna Pratheep","family":"Kalanchiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai 625107, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne Ming Quan","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2747-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun-Kumar","family":"Kaliya-Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob Yoong-Leong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foley, D., Hardacker, P., and McCarthy, M. 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Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/12\/2112\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:58:26Z","timestamp":1760115506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/12\/2112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60122112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60122112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]}}}