{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:48:52Z","timestamp":1793803732098,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d","award":["STEMBIONEC project, 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STEMBIONEC project, 2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review explores the recent advancements and ongoing challenges in regenerating alveolar bone, which is essential for dental implants and periodontal health. It examines traditional techniques like guided bone regeneration and bone grafting, alongside newer methods such as stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and 3D bioprinting. Each approach is considered for its strengths in supporting bone growth and integration, especially in cases where complex bone defects make regeneration difficult. This review also looks at different biomaterials, from bioactive scaffolds to nanomaterials, assessing how well they encourage cell growth and healing. Personalized treatments, like customized 3D-printed scaffolds, show promise in enhancing bone formation and tissue compatibility. Additionally, signaling molecules, like bone morphogenetic proteins, play a crucial role in guiding the process of bone formation and remodeling. Despite these advances, challenges remain\u2014particularly with severe bone loss and with refining biomaterials for more reliable, long-term outcomes. This review proposes combining advanced materials, regenerative technologies, and personalized approaches to achieve more effective and consistent outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T09:13:32Z","timestamp":1735290812000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Challenges and Innovations in Alveolar Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review on Materials, Techniques, Clinical Outcomes, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Marian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cVasile Goldi\u0219\u201d Western University of Arad, 94-96 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8560-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanbattista","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geriatrics, University of Studies of L\u2019Aquila, 67010 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Consiglia","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5994-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Petre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6347-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Lile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cVasile Goldi\u0219\u201d Western University of Arad, 94-96 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8510-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Hermenean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cAurel Ardelean\u201d Institute of Life Sciences, \u201cVasile Goldi\u0219\u201d Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-6755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Fratila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Military Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramalingam, S., Sundar, C., Jansen, J.A., and Alghamdi, H. 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