{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:19:19Z","timestamp":1784647159017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universitas Padjadjaran","award":["1595\/UN6.3.1\/PT.00\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1595\/UN6.3.1\/PT.00\/202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The prevalence of stunted children under 5 years in Indonesia is relatively high. Stunting is a significant risk factor for wheezing disorders. The asthma predictive index (API) identifies children with a recurrent wheezing disorder at risk of developing asthma during the first 3 years. However, the risk of developing asthma and its associated factors among stunted children has not been studied. This study aims to determine the asthma risk prevalence in stunted children via the API score and associated factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bandung District Health Center from October 2021 to January 2022. This study included stunted children aged 24\u201359 months living in Bandung District whose parents could answer the API and asthma risk factor questionnaires. Results: A total of 422 participants with an average age of 43.1 \u00b1 9.7 months were included. Among the stunted children, 4.7% (20\/422) met the positive API criteria, and 50.0% were malnourished (stunted\u2013underweight). The participants with positive API results had a parental medical diagnosis of asthma (45%), eczema (10.0%), allergic rhinitis (20.0%), and wheezing apart from colds (40.0%) (p &lt; 0.05). Significant risk factors for developing asthma in the participants with a positive API were dog ownership in the past 12 months and parents and siblings with allergic diseases. Conclusions: The asthma risk prevalence in stunted children was 4.7%. The associated risk factors included a history of allergic diseases in parents and siblings, as well as dog ownership; however, further investigation is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T04:55:19Z","timestamp":1737003319000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Asthma Risk Prevalence and Associated Factors in Stunted Children: A Study Using Asthma Predictive Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gartika","family":"Sapartini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Child Health, Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W. K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3923-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes Rengga","family":"Indrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran\/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cissy B.","family":"Kartasasmita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran\/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Budi","family":"Setiabudiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Child Health, Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, President University, Bekasi 17550, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.24018\/clinicmed.2023.4.2.238","article-title":"Evaluating Non-IgE-Mediated Allergens\u2019 Immunoreactivity in Patients Formerly Classified as \u201cIntrinsic\u201d Asthmatics with Help of the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test","volume":"4","author":"Olivier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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