{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:58:42Z","timestamp":1777701522116,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Takeda Science Foundation Pharmaceutical Research Grants","award":["2024068087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024068087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: In previous studies, we reported that the assessment of the cumulative thermal dose in the crystalline lens, conducted through computational modeling utilizing a supercomputer and the biothermal transport equation, exhibited a significant association with the incidence of nuclear cataracts. In this study, we have investigated the types of proteins that expressed underlying 35.0 \u00b0C (normal-temp) and 37.5 \u00b0C (warming-temp) by using the shotgun liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS\/MS)-based global proteomic approach. Materials and Methods: We have discussed the changes in protein expression in warmed iHLEC-NY2 cells using Gene Ontology analysis and a label-free semiquantitative method based on spectral counting. Results: In iHLEC-NY2, 615 proteins were detected, including 307 (49.9%) present in both lenses cultured at normal-temp and warming-temp, 130 (21.1%) unique to the lens cultured at normal-temp, and 178 (29.0%) unique to the lens cultured at warming-temp. Furthermore, LC\u2013MS\/MS analysis showed that warming decreased the expression of actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1, actin-related protein 2, putative tubulin-like protein alpha-4B, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 1, ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein, ribosome biogenesis protein BMS1 homolog, histone H2B type 1-M, and histone H2A.J. in iHLEC-NY2. Conclusions: The decreases in the specific protein levels of actin, tubulin, ubiquitin, ribosomes, and histones may be related to cataract development under warming conditions. This investigation could provide a critical framework for understanding the correlation between temperature dynamics and the development of nuclear cataracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T05:04:33Z","timestamp":1738904673000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in Protein Expression in Warmed Human Lens Epithelium Cells Using Shotgun Proteomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Otake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3322-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Taga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1266-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriaki","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701964","article-title":"External factors in the development of cataract","volume":"19","author":"Robman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.052","article-title":"Ancestry, Socioeconomic Status, and Age-Related Cataract in Asians: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study","volume":"122","author":"Chua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-322325","article-title":"Smoking, dietary factors and major age-related eye disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"108","author":"Kai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. 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Notes, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05154-7"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/61\/2\/286\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:28:40Z","timestamp":1760027320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/61\/2\/286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina61020286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61020286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]}}}