{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:21:54Z","timestamp":1793283714938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The present systematic review investigated the efficacy of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) and anterolateral ligament (ALL) as lateral extra-articular procedures (LEAPs) for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. ACL reconstruction using LEAP may reduce graft rupture and rotatory laxity and allow a quicker return to sports. The outcomes of interest were patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), return to sport, laxity, failure rate, and safety profile. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review followed the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. In December 2024, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were accessed without constraints. All clinical investigations evaluating LEAP for ACL reconstruction were considered. Only studies that considered LET and ALL as LEAP were considered. Only studies using a hamstring tendon autograft associated with LET or ALL were considered. Results: Data from 27 clinical studies (3423 patients) were retrieved. The mean length of follow-up was 61.8 \u00b1 39.5 months. ACL reconstruction using LEAP led to a statistically significant improvement in the Lysholm score (p &lt; 0.01) and IKDC (p &lt; 0.01). The mean joint laxity, as measured by the arthrometer, was 1.5 \u00b1 1.8 mm. Finally, 72.3% (623 of 668) of patients returned to their pre-injury level of sport at a mean of 6.3 \u00b1 4.4 months. At the last follow-up, the LET group showed greater IKDC (p = 0.04). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant greater rate of patients positive to the Lachman test (p &lt; 0.01), return to sport (p &lt; 0.01), and reoperation (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in Lysholm scores (p = 0.6), Tegner scores (p = 0.2), arthrometer measurements (p = 0.2), Pivot shift test results (p = 0.1), time to return to sport (p = 0.3), and failure rates (p = 0.7). Conclusions: LEAP for ACL reconstructions seems to be effective and safe. Most patients returned to their pre-injury level of sport after a mean of 6 months. LET-based ACL reconstruction may be associated with greater clinical outcomes and a higher reoperation rate compared to ALL-based reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T06:43:07Z","timestamp":1739169787000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Lateral Extra-Articular Procedures: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7220-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico","family":"Lucenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying Ren","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bardazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1216-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"D\u2019Ambrosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"De Carli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Paolicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5327-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Maffulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161877","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1877","article-title":"ACL Tears in School-Aged Children and Adolescents Over 20 Years","volume":"139","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-23-87","article-title":"Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: A historical view","volume":"11","author":"Meena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. 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