{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T06:21:35Z","timestamp":1793773295856,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation","award":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wdwnk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation","award":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wdwnk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation","award":["NIHR203327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203327"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wdwnk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation","award":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wdwnk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation","award":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wdwnk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation","award":["MR\/S037306\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037306\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wdwnk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Biomedical Catalyst Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme","award":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Biomedical Catalyst Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme","award":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Biomedical Catalyst Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme","award":["NIHR203327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203327"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Biomedical Catalyst Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme","award":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Biomedical Catalyst Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme","award":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Biomedical Catalyst Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme","award":["MR\/S037306\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037306\/1"]}]},{"name":"Heart Research UK","award":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j68sw28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Research UK","award":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j68sw28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Research UK","award":["NIHR203327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203327"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j68sw28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Research UK","award":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j68sw28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Research UK","award":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j68sw28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heart Research UK","award":["MR\/S037306\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037306\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j68sw28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"van Geest Foundation Heart","award":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"]}]},{"name":"van Geest Foundation Heart","award":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"]}]},{"name":"van Geest Foundation Heart","award":["NIHR203327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203327"]}]},{"name":"van Geest Foundation Heart","award":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"]}]},{"name":"van Geest Foundation Heart","award":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"]}]},{"name":"van Geest Foundation Heart","award":["MR\/S037306\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037306\/1"]}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Fund 2022","award":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/17\/3\/32,774"]}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Fund 2022","award":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/12\/1\/29419"]}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Fund 2022","award":["NIHR203327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203327"]}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Fund 2022","award":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/3\/34220"]}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Fund 2022","award":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/24\/24624"]}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases Research Fund 2022","award":["MR\/S037306\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S037306\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia, poses a significant public health challenge due to its links with stroke, heart failure, and mortality. Hypertension, a primary modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, is a well-established risk factor for AF that facilitates structural and electrical changes in the atria, including dilation, fibrosis, and pressure overload. Material and Methods: we conducted a literature search regarding the shared mechanisms, risks and treatments of hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Results: The renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system plays a pivotal role in this remodelling and inflammation, increasing AF susceptibility. Uncontrolled hypertension complicates AF management, diminishing the effectiveness of mainstay treatments, including antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, and cardioversion. Effective blood pressure management, particularly with therapies targeting the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS), can lower the risk of new-onset AF and reduce the incidence of recurrent AF, enhancing the success of rhythm control strategies. These antihypertensive therapies mitigate myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and attenuate both atrial pressure strain and the inflammatory response, mitigating the substrates for AF. Conclusion: This review highlights the urgent need for integrated strategies that combine BP control, AF screening, and lifestyle modifications to minimise the burden of AF and its complications. Future research should investigate the specific mechanisms of cellular-level interactions associated with a hypertensive predisposition to AF, including systematic inflammation and the role of genetics, the impact of blood pressure variations on AF risk, and individualised treatment strategies specifically targeting the shared mechanisms, simultaneously propagating hypertension and AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1739954206000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: Bridging the Gap Between Mechanisms, Risk, and Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Antoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2209-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia R.","family":"Layton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Nizam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5225-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelrazik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Eldesouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalik","family":"Koya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward Y. M.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Zakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Research Biomedical Centre, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5162-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riyaz","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-0671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam Andr\u00e9","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Research Biomedical Centre, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoun, I., Aljabal, M., Alkhayer, A., Mahfoud, Y., Alkhayer, A., Simon, P., Kotb, A., Barker, J., Mavilakandy, A., and Naseer, M.U. (2024). Atrial fibrillation inpatient management patterns and clinical outcomes during the conflict in Syria: An observational cohort study. Perfusion, Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591241259140"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2024.05.010","article-title":"Thirty-day unplanned readmissions following hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in a tertiary Syrian center: A real-world observational cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Antoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm. O2"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoun, I., Alkhayer, A., Aljabal, M., Mahfoud, Y., Alkhayer, A., Kotb, A.I., Barker, J., Somani, R., Ng, G.A., and Zakkar, M. (2024). Incidence, outcomes, and predictors of new heart failure in syrian conflict-affected population following hospitalization for atrial fibrillation: A retrospective cohort study. Perfusion, Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591241283883"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoun, I., Alkhayer, A., Eldin, A.J., Alkhayer, A., Yazji, K., Somani, R., Ng, G.A., and Zakkar, M. (2025). Gender Disparity in Quality of Life in Atrial Fibrillation Patients During the Syrian Conflict: An Observational Cohort Study. Heart Rhythm O2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2024.12.010"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoun, I., Alkhayer, A., Aljabal, M., Alkhayer, A., Simon, P., Mahfoud, Y., Kotb, A., Barker, J., Mavilakandy, A., and Somani, R. (2024). The validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the EQ-5D in atrial fibrillation patients in a conflict country: A study from Syria. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04203-4"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoun, I., Alkhayer, A., Alkhayer, A., Yazji, K., Somani, R., Ng, G.A., and Zakkar, M. (2025). Six-Month Emergent Readmissions Following Hospitalization for Atrial Fibrillation Amid the Syrian Conflict: A Real-World Observational Cohort Study. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol., Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16579"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoun, I., Alkhayer, A., Eldin, A.J., Alkhayer, A., Yazji, K., Somani, R., Ng, G.A., and Zakkar, M. (2025). Gender Disparity in Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Hospitalised Patients with Atrial Fibrillation During the Ongoing Syrian Conflict: Unbalanced Treatment in Turbulent Times. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041173"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000605251314807","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251314807","article-title":"Role of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score in predicting hospital stay and 90-day readmission among patients with atrial fibrillation in Syria","volume":"53","author":"Antoun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"100157","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation epidemiology, disparity and healthcare contacts: A population-wide study of 5.6 million individuals","volume":"7","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health\u2013Eur."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","article-title":"The global epidemiology of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510350050036","article-title":"Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"271","author":"Benjamin","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02125.x","article-title":"Atrial electrical and structural changes associated with longstanding hypertension in humans: Implications for the substrate for atrial fibrillation","volume":"22","author":"Medi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4059","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004059","article-title":"Effect of RAAS Blockers on Adverse Clinical Outcomes in High CVD Risk Subjects with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"95","author":"Chaugai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62039-9","article-title":"Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Investigators","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00914-0","article-title":"Blood Pressure, Hypertension and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"38","author":"Aune","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17399","article-title":"Risk of atrial fibrillation in young adults with isolated diastolic, isolated systolic, and systolic-diastolic hypertension","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312488","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure and long-term risk for atrial fibrillation","volume":"104","author":"Tikhonoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.6.1155","article-title":"Influence of blood pressure on left atrial size: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"25","author":"Vaziri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100382","article-title":"Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Kaze","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.309732","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes","volume":"120","author":"Staerk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, H., Xue, Y., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, J., Ji, K., and Zhu, H. (2021). The association between left ventricular hypertrophy and the occurrence and prognosis of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.639993"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moula, A.I., Parrini, I., Tetta, C., Luc\u00e0, F., Parise, G., Rao, C.M., Mauro, E., Parise, O., Matteucci, F., and Gulizia, M.M. (2022). Obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051242"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2174\/157340312803760749","article-title":"Obesity, diabetes and atrial fibrillation; epidemiology, mechanisms and interventions","volume":"8","author":"Asghar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.043","article-title":"Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation by Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition","volume":"55","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"162","article-title":"Usual Blood Pressure, Atrial Fibrillation and Vascular Risk: Evidence from 4.3 Million Adults","volume":"46","author":"Emdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4236\/wjcd.2015.510034","article-title":"Pulse Pressure as a Risk Factor of Atrial Fibrillation in Black African Elderly Patients","volume":"05","author":"Koffi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e36918","article-title":"Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Young Adults in Eastern India: A Clinico-Aetiological Retrospective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital","volume":"15","author":"Mohanty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.179713","article-title":"Upper Normal Blood Pressures Predict Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Healthy Middle-Aged Men","volume":"59","author":"Grundvold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.135277","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and pathophysiological correlates in atrial fibrillation","volume":"95","author":"Guazzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.11.005","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and endothelial dysfunction: A potential link?","volume":"96","author":"Corban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2015.1042030","article-title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation: A novel potential therapeutic target?","volume":"47","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2019.1711158","article-title":"Endothelial function in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"52","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"563","article-title":"Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"26","author":"Yf","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668522","article-title":"Risk Score for Prediction of 10-Year Atrial Fibrillation: A Community-Based Study","volume":"118","author":"Aronson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.11.031","article-title":"Short-term hypertension is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation substrate: A study in an ovine hypertensive model","volume":"7","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.964783","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and the substrate for atrial fibrillation in rat hearts with elevated afterload","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl360","article-title":"Atrial electrical and structural abnormalities in an ovine model of chronic blood pressure elevation after prenatal corticosteroid exposure: Implications for development of atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Kistler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000257123.95372.ab","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to atrial tachyarrhythmia in spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts","volume":"49","author":"Choisy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3109\/10641967809068596","article-title":"ECG alterations with progressive left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneous hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Dunn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv045","article-title":"Early subcellular Ca2+ remodelling and increased propensity for Ca2+ alternans in left atrial myocytes from hypertensive rats","volume":"106","author":"Pluteanu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"7","article-title":"Adaptation of the heart to hypertension is associated with maladaptive gap junction connexin-43 remodeling","volume":"57","author":"Kristek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06199.x","article-title":"Microfibrosis produces electrical load variations due to loss of side-to-side cell connections; a major mechanism of structural heart disease arrhythmias","volume":"20","author":"Spach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2968","article-title":"Electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation: Time course and mechanisms","volume":"94","author":"Goette","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2009","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: A translational appraisal","volume":"91","author":"Schotten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"891","article-title":"Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias: A consensus document from the European heart rhythm association (EHRA) and ESC Council on hypertension, endorsed by the heart rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific heart rhythm Society (APHRS) and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulaci\u00f3n Card\u00edaca Y Electrofisiolog\u00eda (SOLEACE)","volume":"19","author":"Lip","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ep. Eur."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.724","article-title":"Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"89","author":"Vaziri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000052830.02773.E4","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in hypertension: Predictors and outcome","volume":"41","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.05.032","article-title":"ST-segment abnormalities and premature complexes are predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation: The Niigata preventive medicine study","volume":"152","author":"Watanabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328338c20e","article-title":"Relationship of left atrial enlargement to persistence or development of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: Implications for the development of new atrial fibrillation","volume":"28","author":"Okin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02373-2","article-title":"Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women","volume":"40","author":"Tsang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137760","article-title":"Left atrial volume combined with atrial pump function identifies hypertensive patients with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"55","author":"Toh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241537","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.1537","article-title":"Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with New-Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting","volume":"7","author":"Herrmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed by the task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)","volume":"45","author":"Rienstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.06.009","article-title":"Inflammation, oxidative stress and postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery","volume":"154","author":"Zakkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.107050","article-title":"Circulating cytokines and risk of developing hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"200","author":"Caiazzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-13-3466","article-title":"Inflammation and C-reactive protein in atrial fibrillation: Cause or effect?","volume":"41","author":"Galea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tex. Heart Inst. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1005","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00535.2016","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, kidney function, and hypertension","volume":"313","author":"Mehaffey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.06.036","article-title":"Effect of the Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"97","author":"Awad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo. Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa137","article-title":"Aldosterone, Inflammation, Immune System, and Hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131964","article-title":"Role of interleukin 6 signaling pathway in the anti-inflammatory effects of statins on coronary artery disease: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"406","author":"Yazdanpanah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"e35120","article-title":"The Effect of Colchicine on Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kommu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008197","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.008197","article-title":"Canakinumab After Electrical Cardioversion in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Pilot Randomized Trial","volume":"13","author":"Krisai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layton, G.R., Sinha, S., Caputo, M., Angelini, G.D., Fudulu, D.P., and Zakkar, M. (2024). Two Decades of CABG in the UK: A Propensity Matched Analysis of Outcomes by Conduit Choice. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164717"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.09.021","article-title":"Does preoperative atrial fibrillation influence early and late outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting?","volume":"133","author":"Ngaage","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500528","article-title":"Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation during mitral-valve surgery","volume":"372","author":"Gillinov","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-001-0040-8","article-title":"Are sleep-related breathing disorders important contributing factors to the production of essential hypertension?","volume":"3","author":"Silverberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12585","article-title":"Association between left atrial enlargement and obstructive sleep apnea in a general population of 71-year-old men","volume":"27","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000068337.25994.21","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"107","author":"Kanagala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000136587.68725.8E","article-title":"Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"110","author":"Gami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312573","article-title":"Renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone Blockade Reduces Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25559","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025559","article-title":"Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Prevents and Cures Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"100","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/21556660.2012.672353","article-title":"The Role of the Renin\u2013angiotensin System Blocking in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"1","author":"Cliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Drug Assess."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-119220","article-title":"Aldosterone to Renin Ratio as a Screening Instrument for Primary Aldosteronism in a Middle-Aged Population with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"49","author":"Mourtzinis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-830","article-title":"Correlation Between the Elevated Uric Acid Levels and Circulating Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Activation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, W., Yang, Y., Zhu, J., Wu, S., Wang, J., Zhang, H., and Shao, X.h. (2022). Impact of Renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone-System Inhibitor Drugs on Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02580-2"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1159\/000178483","article-title":"Spironolactone Prevents Aldosterone Induced Increased Duration of Atrial Fibrillation in Rat","volume":"29","author":"Lammers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00551.x","article-title":"Effects of Spironolactone on Atrial Structural Remodelling in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation Produced by Prolonged Atrial Pacing","volume":"159","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000248135.97380.76","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces interleukin-6 in humans through a mineralocorticoid receptor\u2013dependent mechanism","volume":"48","author":"Luther","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011006","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011006","article-title":"Systemic inflammation rapidly induces reversible atrial electrical remodeling: The role of interleukin-6\u2013mediated changes in connexin expression","volume":"8","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.065","article-title":"Comparative effects of AT1-antagonism and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on markers of inflammation and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"44","author":"Schieffer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.063","article-title":"Eplerenone and Atrial Fibrillation in Mild Systolic Heart Failure","volume":"59","author":"Swedberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5152\/akd.2010.039","article-title":"Association Between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Mild and Moderate Left Ventricular Dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Varol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.51.331","article-title":"Relationship Between the Long-Term Preventive Effect of Combined Treatment with Antiarrhythmic Drugs Plus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Circadian Variation in the Onset of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"51","author":"Kubo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13937","article-title":"Sacubitril\/Valsartan Attenuates Atrial Structural Remodelling in Atrial Fibrillation Patients","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Esc Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e194934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.4934","article-title":"Association of Preoperative Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors with Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Adverse Events","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y.J., Yang, P.S., Yu, H.T., Kim, T.H., Jang, E., Uhm, J.S., Pak, H.N., Lee, M.H., Lip, G.Y., and Joung, B. (2020). What Is the Ideal Blood Pressure Threshold for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly General Population?. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092988"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000018443.44005.D8","article-title":"Autonomic tone variations before the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"105","author":"Bettoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Z., Shi, X.-M., Liu, L.-F., Chen, X.-P., Shan, Z.-L., Lin, K., Li, J., Chen, F.-K., Li, Y.-G., and Guo, H.-Y. (2015). Renal denervation suppresses atrial fibrillation in a model of renal impairment. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124123"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2018.1436400","article-title":"High Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability in Atrial Fibrillation Compared to Sinus Rhythm","volume":"27","author":"Olbers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Press."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303772","article-title":"Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romanov, A., Pokushalov, E., Ponomarev, D., Strelnikov, A.G., Shabanov, V.V., Losik, D., Karaskov, A., and Steinberg, J.S. (2017). Pulmonary Vein Isolation with Concomitant Renal Artery Denervation Is Associated with Reduction in Both Arterial Blood Pressure and Atrial Fibrillation Burden: Data from Implantable Cardiac Monitor. Cardiovasc. Ther., 35.","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12264"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.krcp.2016.08.005","article-title":"Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone and Combined with Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Refractory Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"35","author":"Kiuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Han, X., Chen, C., Zou, L.-X., Dong, Z.-C., Zhang, Y.-L., and Li, H. (2019). Time Series Gene Expression Profiling and Temporal Regulatory Pathway Analysis of Angiotensin II Induced Atrial Fibrillation in Mice. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00597"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"3574","article-title":"Effects of Atrial Fibrillation on Complications and Prognosis of Patients Receiving Emergency PCI After Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv172","article-title":"Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Incident Atrial Fibrillation and P-Wave Indices in the ACCORD Blood Pressure Trial","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000254378.26607.1f","article-title":"Prevention of new-onset atrial fibrillation and its predictors with angiotensin II-receptor blockers in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure","volume":"25","author":"Aksnes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Champaneria, M.K., Patel, R.S., and Oroszi, T.L. (2023). When blood pressure refuses to budge: Exploring the complexity of resistant hypertension. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1211199"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpx013","article-title":"Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: An Intimate Association of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Dzeshka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283640ff7","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Essential Hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834f03bf","article-title":"Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"30","author":"Manolis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.10.33","article-title":"Hypertension Associated with Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Aronow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20144","article-title":"Improving Outcomes in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension","volume":"323","author":"Estes","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0279-7","article-title":"Invited Review: Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Implications for Management","volume":"33","author":"Gumprecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2004.00645.x","article-title":"The Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and\/or Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"27","author":"Madrid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000181115.59173.42","article-title":"Perindopril-Based Blood Pressure\u2013Lowering Reduces Major Vascular Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack","volume":"36","author":"Arima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.galenos.2023.2023-9-48","article-title":"Catheter Ablation Approaches for the Treatment of Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients with a Durable Pulmonary Vein Isolation","volume":"40","author":"Nesapiragasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Balk. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.046","article-title":"A randomized active-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of vernakalant to amiodarone in recent-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"57","author":"Camm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.02.030","article-title":"Outcomes After Nonemergent Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Arrhythmias","volume":"115","author":"Steinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0240-2","article-title":"Screening for cardiac contractile dysfunction using an artificial intelligence\u2013enabled electrocardiogram","volume":"25","author":"Attia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0268-3","article-title":"Cardiologist-level arrhythmia detection and classification in ambulatory electrocardiograms using a deep neural network","volume":"25","author":"Hannun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.571","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in precision cardiovascular medicine","volume":"69","author":"Krittanawong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0136","article-title":"Passive detection of atrial fibrillation using a commercially available smartwatch","volume":"3","author":"Tison","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/61\/2\/362\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:38:00Z","timestamp":1760027880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/61\/2\/362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina61020362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61020362","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]}}}