{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T07:31:56Z","timestamp":1794123116472,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The pathogenesis of placenta accreta spectrum disorder (PASD) is influenced by the inflammatory process. Therefore, the examination of biomarkers related to the inflammatory process, namely matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and CXC motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), is expected to bring researchers to a bright spot regarding the pathogenesis of PASD. This study analyzes the role of CXCR2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of PASD. Materials and Methods: An observational study with a case\u2013control design was conducted to assess differences in the mean density of CXCR2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 immunostaining in placental and uterine tissue in 17 patients with PASD and 34 patients without PASD at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The expression of CXCR2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA version 15. Results: There were no significant differences in the mean levels of MMP-2 expression in patients with and without PASD. There were significant differences in the expression of placental CXCR2 (p = 0.003), uterine CXCR2 (p &lt; 0.001), and uterine MMP-9 (p = 0.018) in patients with and without PASD. Conclusions: CXCR2 and MMP-9 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61030461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:02:13Z","timestamp":1741240933000},"page":"461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of CXCR2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta: A Molecular Expression Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2969-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Putri","family":"Mirani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisna","family":"Murti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5827-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peby Maulina","family":"Lestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iche Andriyani","family":"Liberty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy","family":"Kesty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"},{"name":"World Health Organization, Tropical Diseases Research, Clinical Research Leadership Fellow, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"},{"name":"National Task Force of Reproductive Tract Infection, Indonesian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jakarta 10320, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8598-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana","family":"Andrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5135-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bella","family":"Stevanny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, South Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.09.042","article-title":"Placenta Accreta Spectrum","volume":"219","author":"Cahill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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