{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:02:18Z","timestamp":1760058138182,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SV5-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV5-40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma characterized by progressive optic nerve damage despite intraocular pressure (IOP) remaining within the normal range. The underlying pathophysiology of NTG remains incompletely understood, and its diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of a definitive screening tool. This study aimed to evaluate differences in intracranial pressure pulse wave amplitude recorded from closed eyelids between NTG patients and control subjects using a novel non-invasive monitoring technology. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, enrolling NTG patients and age-matched controls. Intracranial pressure pulse wave signals were recorded from closed eyelids using the \u2019Archimedes\u2019 02 device, which employs a highly sensitive digital pressure sensor and hydromechanical coupling for signal transmission. The amplitude of recorded intracranial pressure pulse waves was analyzed and compared between groups. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 30.0, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 140 participants were enrolled, including 68 NTG patients and 72 controls. After applying exclusion criteria, 63 NTG patients and 68 controls were included in the final analysis. The median intracranial pressure pulse wave amplitude was significantly higher in NTG patients (0.1326 a.u.) than in controls (0.0889 a.u.), with p = 0.01. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intracranial pressure pulse wave monitoring may serve as a potential biomarker for NTG. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of this technology for NTG detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61040566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T13:48:20Z","timestamp":1742824100000},"page":"566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-Invasive Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure Pulse Waves from Closed Eyelids in Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Laimonas","family":"Bartusis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solventa","family":"Krakauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugne","family":"Kevalaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Austeja","family":"Judickaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arminas","family":"Zizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akvile","family":"Stoskuviene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44037 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edvinas","family":"Chaleckas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mantas","family":"Deimantavicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Hamarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Scalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7602-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Berskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2660-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrida","family":"Januleviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arminas","family":"Ragauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"668","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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