{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:42:58Z","timestamp":1789062178626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","award":["4030478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4030478"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a leading cause of back surgery in elderly individuals. Additionally, LSS can result in buttock pain; abnormal sensations; or even loss of sensation in the thighs, feet, legs, and buttocks, as well as potential loss of bowel and bladder control. As a further consequence, sexual activity is impaired. However, there is limited information on sexual function in patients undergoing LSS surgery, in general, and among male patients, in specific. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LSS surgery on sexual function in male patients over 50 years. Materials and Methods: Participants were fifty male patients with LSS aged 50 years and older who underwent LSS surgery at the Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah from March 2024 to the end of 2024. To assess sexual performance over time, participants completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) questionnaire both before LSS surgery and six months after LSS surgery. For pre\u2013post comparison, we used paired t-tests. Results: Compared to the pre-surgery stage, six-month post-surgery improvements were erectile function (+21%; Cohen\u2019s d: 1.40), orgasmic function (+35.1%; Cohen\u2019s d: 1.49), sexual desire (+27.3%; Cohen\u2019s d: 1.48), intercourse satisfaction (+14% Cohen\u2019s d: 0.77), overall satisfaction (+34.6% Cohen\u2019s d: 1.74), and overall sexual function (+25.3%; Cohen\u2019s d: 1.48). Conclusions: Among a sample of male patients aged 50 years and older, LSS surgery improved all dimensions of sexual satisfaction, including orgasmic, erectile, and sexual functions; sexual desire; intercourse satisfaction; and overall satisfaction. Medical doctors treating males with LSS might consider informing their patients about the favorable effects of LSS surgery on sexual life and sexual satisfaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61040628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1743398464000},"page":"628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the Effect of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) Surgery on Sexual Function in Male Patients over 50 Years"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Fatahian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415333, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Gharooee Ahangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415333, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Bahrami Bukani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 671551616, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4704-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette B.","family":"Br\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2175-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran"},{"name":"Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran"},{"name":"Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1339973111, Iran"},{"name":"Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Center of Competence of Disaster Medicine of the Swiss Armed Forces, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis: A review","volume":"327","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h6234","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6234","article-title":"Management of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"352","author":"Lurie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0472","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis: Pathophysiology and treatment principle: A narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000227370.65573.ac","article-title":"Comparison of radiologic signs and clinical symptoms of spinal stenosis","volume":"31","author":"Lohman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz161","article-title":"A review of lumbar spinal stenosis with intermittent neurogenic claudication: Disease and diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Deer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1335","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820c97b1","article-title":"Surgery versus conservative treatment for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Kovacs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"63","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of lumbar spinal stenosis: Eight-year results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT)","volume":"40","author":"Lurie","year":"2015","journal-title":"LWW"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"100072","article-title":"The influence of comorbidities on the treatment outcome in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bays","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Am. Spine Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006010-00016","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis: Conservative or surgical management? A prospective 10-year study","volume":"25","author":"Amundsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2015.68.5.481","article-title":"Does spinal stenosis correlate with MRI findings and pain, psychologic factor and quality of life?","volume":"68","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2017.1400973","article-title":"Neuro-urological sequelae of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"128","author":"Gandhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004008","article-title":"Pain during sex before and after decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: A multicenter observational study","volume":"46","author":"Holmberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.09.020","article-title":"Do women perform fellatio as a mate retention behavior?","volume":"73","author":"Sela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1463503","article-title":"Sexual Satisfaction and Marital Satisfaction During the Early Years of Chinese Marriage: A Three-Wave, Cross-Lagged, Actor-Partner Interdependence Model","volume":"56","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sex. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Miller, G. (2000). The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature, Heineman."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9175-2","article-title":"Why humans have sex","volume":"36","author":"Meston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buss, D.M. (2024). Evolutionary Psychology. The New Science of the Mind, Routledge, Taylor & Francis. [7th ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003230823"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2014.951324","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction associated with major depressive disorder and antidepressant treatment","volume":"13","author":"Clayton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-013-9302-z","article-title":"The Relationship Between Sexual Quality of Life, Happiness, and Satisfaction with Life in Married Turkish Women","volume":"31","author":"Dogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0426-8","article-title":"Individual and Partner Correlates of Sexual Satisfaction and Relationship Happiness in Midlife Couples: Dyadic Analysis of the International Survey of Relationships","volume":"44","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.08.011","article-title":"Sexual Satisfaction and the Importance of Sexual Health to Quality of Life Throughout the Life Course of U.S. Adults","volume":"13","author":"Flynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1276880","article-title":"Sexual Satisfaction Among Couples: The Role of Attachment Orientation and Sexual Motives","volume":"55","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sex. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.06.013","article-title":"Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction in Young, Heterosexual Couples: The Role of Sexual Frequency and Sexual Communication","volume":"17","author":"Roels","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2015.1053018","article-title":"Subjective Sexual Well-Being in Chilean Adults: Evaluation of a Predictive Model","volume":"42","author":"Contreras","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sex. Marital. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.21","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool","volume":"2","author":"Pakpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.05.004","article-title":"Ginseng treatment improves the sexual side effects of methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"276","author":"Farnia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"625","article-title":"Rosa damascena oil improves SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in male patients suffering from major depressive disorders: Results from a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Farnia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.008","article-title":"Rosa Damascena oil improved sexual function and testosterone in male patients with opium use disorder under methadone maintenance therapy-results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Farnia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00238-0","article-title":"The international index of erectile function (IIEF): A multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"49","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2012.01.001","article-title":"Validation of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and presentation of norms in older men","volume":"22","author":"Dargis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sexologies"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.49.12.997","article-title":"The earth is round (p < 0.05)","volume":"49","author":"Cohen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707136","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"358","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610012773","article-title":"Functional outcome of surgical treatment for multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"77","author":"Panagiotis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-137","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16082.1","article-title":"Current concepts and recent advances in understanding and managing lumbar spine stenosis","volume":"8","author":"Bagley","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2022.01.003","article-title":"Characterization of female sexual dysfunction associated with spinal pathology and surgery","volume":"10","author":"Moscicki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex. Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221136493","article-title":"The effect of cervical and lumbar decompression surgery for spinal stenosis on erectile dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Wottrich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5636-7","article-title":"Sexual activity after spine surgery: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1172","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e7d98b","article-title":"Effect of lumbar spinal stenosis and surgical decompression on erectile function","volume":"35","author":"Gempt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/61\/4\/628\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:05:08Z","timestamp":1760029508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/61\/4\/628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina61040628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61040628","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]}}}