{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:22:00Z","timestamp":1789399320406,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) represents a major healthcare burden, with residual congestion at discharge being a critical determinant of poor outcomes. Despite its prognostic significance, the assessment of decongestion status before discharge remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive evaluation approach. This descriptive review synthesizes current evidence on congestion assessment methods in ADHF, focusing on their role in discharge decision-making and prognostic value. We describe various evaluation tools, including clinical examination, biomarkers, imaging techniques, and congestion scores, presenting their integration into a practical assessment algorithm. A comprehensive algorithm for congestion assessment before discharge is presented, incorporating multimodal evaluation techniques, with the aim of highlighting the practical utility of various assessment methods in guiding treatment decisions and determining optimal discharge timing. Integration of multiple parameters provides superior accuracy in evaluating decongestion status compared to single-method approaches. A standardized, multimodal approach to congestion assessment before discharge is essential for optimal ADHF management. The proposed assessment algorithm, combining clinical, biochemical, and imaging parameters, offers a practical framework for more reliable discharge decision-making, potentially improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61050816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T20:42:37Z","timestamp":1746391357000},"page":"816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessment of Decongestion Status Before Discharge in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Review of Clinical, Biochemical, and Imaging Tools and Their Impact on Management Decisions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Diana-Ligia","family":"Pena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana-Mihaela","family":"Ilie\u0219iu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5478-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Aurelian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Grigore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Simona","family":"Hodorogea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Colentina Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2683-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeta","family":"Badil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Colentina Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Balahura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029882","article-title":"NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)-Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: PRIMA II Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"137","author":"Stienen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Successful Decongestion as a Clinical Target, Performance Indicator, and as a Study Endpoint in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients","volume":"11","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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