{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:18:42Z","timestamp":1760059122092,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) are two disease entities that result in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. We sought to evaluate the longitudinal outcomes of fixed obstruction in severe valvular AS versus dynamic flow obstruction in HOCM. Materials and Methods: Consecutive data with index echocardiographic diagnoses of severe AS and HOCM were collected in a tertiary academic centre between 2010 and 2017. Demographics, comorbidities and clinical outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 134 patients were studied. In the AS group, the mean MPG was 57.2 mmHg \u00b1 13.9, the mean AVA was 0.7 cm2 \u00b1 0.2, and the mean Vmax was 4.7 m\/s \u00b1 0.5 (p &lt; 0.001). In the HOCM group, the mean LVOT gradient was 60.1 mmHg \u00b1 35.5, the mean IVSd was 17.5 mm \u00b1 4.6, and the mean LVPWd was 12.9 mm \u00b1 2.9 (p &lt; 0.001). Kaplan\u2013Meier curves showed lower cumulative survival with an early separation in heart failure outcomes in the AS arm compared with the HOCM arm (p = 0.023). Similarly, there were higher rates of all-cause mortality for AS compared with HOCM (p = 0.001). For the multivariable Cox regression analysis, AS was significantly associated with a higher incidence of heart failure compared with HOCM after adjusting for the baseline demographics, comorbidities and echocardiographic parameters. There were no significant differences in terms of stroke or cardiovascular (CV) hospitalisation outcomes between the two cohorts. Conclusions: Fixed LVOT obstruction in AS was associated with worse outcomes of heart failure and all-cause mortality compared with dynamic LVOT obstruction in HOCM. Severe AS was an independent predictor of heart failure outcomes after adjustments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61060971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1748205576000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Outcomes of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Aortic Stenosis Versus Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joy Yi-Shan","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony Yi-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aloysius Sheng-Ting","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swee-Chye","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Kok-Fai","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiong-Cheng","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond Ching-Chiew","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hui","family":"Sia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kian-Keong","family":"Poh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 11, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1239","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001250","article-title":"2024 AHA\/ACC\/AMSSM\/HRS\/PACES\/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice 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