{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:53:36Z","timestamp":1788386016583,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SV5-40 (S-MIP-23-136)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV5-40 (S-MIP-23-136)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Glaucoma and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) are neurodegenerative conditions with vascular underpinnings. This study aimed to explore the relationship between blood pressure parameters such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cognitive performance in patients with AD, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and healthy controls. We hypothesized that NTG patients, like those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), may experience subtle cognitive changes related to vascular dysregulation. Methods: Ninety-eight participants (35 NTG, 17 AD, 46 controls) were assessed for CPP, MAP, OPP, and cognitive performance. Statistical analyses compared groups and examined correlations. Results: AD patients showed lower CPP and MAP (p &lt; 0.001), indicating systemic vascular dysfunction, while NTG patients had higher ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) (p = 0.008), suggesting compensatory mechanisms. CPP correlated with visuospatial abilities in AD (r = 0.492, p = 0.045). MAP correlated with the Clock drawing test (CDT) scores in the NTG group (r = 0.378, p = 0.025). PP negatively correlated with cognition in AD (r = \u22120.527, p = 0.016 for CDT scores) and controls (r = \u22120.440, p = 0.002 for verbal fluency and r = \u22120.348, p = 0.019 for total ACE scores). Conclusions: The study highlights distinct hemodynamic profiles: systemic dysfunction in AD and localized dysregulation in NTG. These findings emphasize the role of vascular dysregulation in neurodegeneration, with implications for personalized treatment approaches targeting vascular health in neurodegenerative conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61060972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1748205576000},"page":"972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations Between Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, Hemodynamic Parameters, and Cognitive Test Values in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients, and Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akvile","family":"Stoskuviene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edvinas","family":"Chaleckas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1900-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelina","family":"Grusauskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laimonas","family":"Bartusis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guven","family":"Celikkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Communication Design, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Isik University, Mesrutiyet Mah., Universite Sk., No:2, Sile, TR-34980 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2660-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrida","family":"Januleviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antanas","family":"Vaitkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arminas","family":"Ragauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasin","family":"Hamarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos Str. 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Glaucoma: A Review","volume":"311","author":"Weinreb","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01289-8","article-title":"Glaucoma: Now and Beyond","volume":"402","author":"Jayaram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00316-6","article-title":"Vascular Dysregulation in Glaucoma: Retinal Vasoconstriction and Normal Neurovascular Coupling in Altitudinal Visual Field Defects","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00008-3","article-title":"The Impact of Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Flammer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. 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