{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1760059203800,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly significant global public health issue, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of mortality. Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role, but diagnostic tools have certain limitations. Endocan, a soluble proteoglycan, emerged as a promising endothelial dysfunction marker and potential major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) predictor in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: In this single-centre, observational, prospective study, non-diabetic HD patients without prior MACEs were monitored. A total of 75 participants met the inclusion criteria. We measured serum endocan, standard biochemical and anthropometric parameters, and parameters of peripheral and central haemodynamics before and after HD in all participants. Results: Patients with higher endocan were older, had elevated CRP and reduced albumin concentrations, and often had a tunnelled central venous catheter (TCVC) for vascular access. Higher serum endocan levels were independently associated with an increased risk of MACEs (aHR = 4.09, 95%-CI: 1.72\u20139.74), MACE-related mortality (aHR = 2.64, 95%-CI: 1.23\u20135.66), and all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.86, 95%-CI: 1.07\u20133.23), both before and after adjusting for predefined confounders, with the highest endocan tercile exhibiting the shortest event-free survival. Conclusions: Endocan is a valuable marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in non-diabetic HD patients. Its elevated concentration indicates an increased cardiovascular risk and more frequent MACEs. Future multicentre studies with repeated endocan assessments should validate its prognostic and diagnostic utility, particularly in long-term patient follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61060991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T07:46:26Z","timestamp":1748504786000},"page":"991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serum Endocan as a Predictor of Survival and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Without Diabetic Kidney Disease on Chronic Haemodialysis: A Prospective, Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"\u0160afer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Virovitica, Lj. Gaja 21, 33000 Virovitica, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Feldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General County Hospital Na\u0161ice, 31500 Na\u0161ice, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8841-8871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"\u0160ahinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Tolj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Piri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Health Centre of Osijek-Baranja County, Park Kralja Petra Kre\u0161imira IV. 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7269-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunja","family":"\u0160ojat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Health Centre of Osijek-Baranja County, Park Kralja Petra Kre\u0161imira IV. 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"O\u0161tarija\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Szigeti \u00fat 12, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dubravka","family":"Mihaljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60687-X","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: Global dimension and perspectives","volume":"382","author":"Jha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65816-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"348","author":"Wheeler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200304000-00002","article-title":"Cardiovascular Mortality in End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"325","author":"Collins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. 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