{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T21:54:19Z","timestamp":1774389259319,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent issue among older adults and may require urodynamic studies (UDSs) for accurate diagnosis. However, these procedures can be uncomfortable and time-consuming, especially in a geriatric population, where certain practical restrictions may apply. This study examines whether posture of filling cystometry during UDSs in an older patient group affects diagnostic outcomes and whether a single UDS in one posture is sufficient for a reliable diagnosis or if multiple postures provide added value. Materials and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Think Dry: Optimalisation of Diagnostic Process of Urinary Incontinence in Older People study (NCT04094753), a prospective observational cohort study. Each patient underwent both sitting and standing filling cystometry during UDS. The final diagnosis was determined by the referring urologist by integrating results from both the sitting and standing groups alongside all available clinical data. Subsequently, each separate UDS was reviewed independently by a second, blinded, urologist, and a diagnosis was established based on a single UDS. The agreement between these independent diagnoses and the final diagnosis was then evaluated using Cohen\u2019s kappa coefficient (\u03ba). Results: Results from the UDS with the standing filling cystometry had an almost perfect agreement (\u03ba = 0.92) with the final diagnosis, compared to only a moderate agreement (\u03ba = 0.42) while sitting. Conclusions: UDS with standing filling cystometry may be sufficient for an accurate diagnosis, potentially eliminating the need for additional filling cystometry in the sitting position. By streamlining the diagnostic process, this approach could enhance efficiency, reduce patient burden, and optimize resource utilization in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61091576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T08:28:15Z","timestamp":1756715295000},"page":"1576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Taking a Stand: A Prospective Study on the Influence of Posture on Urodynamic Studies in Older Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Andries","family":"Van Huele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, AZ Alma, 9900 Eeklo, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2644-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Bou Kheir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Wein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerle","family":"Decalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Herv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7173-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Everaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04609.x","article-title":"The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in four european countries","volume":"93","author":"Hunskaar","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04721.x","article-title":"Storage symptoms of the bladder: Prevalence, incidence and need for services in the UK","volume":"93","author":"McGrother","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cont.2023.100710","article-title":"Ics-sufu standard: Theory, terms, and recommendations for pressure-flow studies performance, analysis, and reporting, part 1: Background theory and practice","volume":"7","author":"Rosier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Continence"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.01.045","article-title":"European association of urology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of female non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms. 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