{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:32:12Z","timestamp":1790353932153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease, with systemic inflammation implicated in myocardial remodeling. We aimed to assess the associations between IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2 and echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling, including left ventricular mass (LVM), global longitudinal strain (GLS), interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and right ventricular diameter (RVD), in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. This was a single-center retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: In 58 maintenance hemodialysis patients (mean age 60.4 \u00b1 11.7 years; 55% male), pre-dialysis serum cytokines (IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2) and standard laboratory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], albumin, hemoglobin) were measured. Echocardiography was performed under clinically stable conditions. Spearman correlations assessed relationships between cytokines and imaging parameters; multivariate linear regression identified independent predictors. Results: Median IL-6 was 7.36 pg\/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 4.52\u201311.03), and median TNF-\u03b1 was 9.35 pg\/mL (IQR 7.9\u201312.57). IL-6 correlated positively with LVM (\u03c1 = 0.63, p &lt; 0.001), RVD (\u03c1 = 0.53, p &lt; 0.001), and CRP (\u03c1 = 0.52, p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, TNF-\u03b1 inversely correlated with LVM (\u03c1 = \u22120.36, p = 0.006). Multivariate regression showed IL-6 was independently predicted by LVM (p = 0.019) and RVD (p = 0.042), while TNF-\u03b1 was predicted by age (p &lt; 0.001), CRP (p = 0.038), and albumin (p = 0.012). Conclusions: In hemodialysis patients, IL-6 showed stronger associations with echocardiographic hypertrophy and dilation than TNF-\u03b1, supporting its role as a potential biomarker of subclinical cardiac remodeling.IL-6 showed stronger correlations with echocardiographic remodeling markers compared with TNF-\u03b1 and may warrant further investigation as a potential biomarker in this setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61091667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T07:56:51Z","timestamp":1757923011000},"page":"1667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["IL-6 Versus TNF-\u03b1 as Predictors of Echocardiographic Cardiac Remodeling in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2279-9319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Florin","family":"Sircu\u021ba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Nephrology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Street, Nr. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2582-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia Dana","family":"Grosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Nephrology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Street, Nr. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adalbert","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Nephrology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia","family":"Petrica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Nephrology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Street, Nr. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4304-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Street, Nr. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Cardiology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B Braun Avitum Dialysis Centre, 300417 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Palamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Nephrology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica-Nicoleta","family":"Mircea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timi\u0219oara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1298-9090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ni\u0219ulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timi\u0219oara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"Gole\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of the West, 300115 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flaviu","family":"Bob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Nephrology University Clinic, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Street, Nr. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.01.008","article-title":"International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: Structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Eastern and Central Europe","volume":"11","author":"Bello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int. 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