{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T16:11:33Z","timestamp":1759507893595,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Spinal anesthesia is increasingly preferred in pediatric surgeries due to its rapid onset, high success rate, and low risk of systemic complications. However, the influence of age and body mass index (BMI) on block characteristics in adolescents remains insufficiently studied. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 190 pediatric patients (aged 9\u201318 years; 154 male, 36 female) undergoing elective surgery with spinal anesthesia. Patients were stratified by age (Group 1: 9\u201314 years; Group 2: 15\u201318 years) and BMI (Group A: 16.00\u201319.65 kg\/m2; Group B: 19.66\u201323.31 kg\/m2). The primary outcome was sensory block duration. Secondary outcomes included sedation requirements, complications, analgesic requirement times, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Results: Group 2 had significantly longer sensory block duration and lower postoperative VAS scores at 3 and 12 h compared to Group 1 (p &lt; 0.001). Lower BMI was associated with greater sedation requirements (p &lt; 0.001) and a higher incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting (p = 0.013). Complications were infrequent (hypotension 6.3%, bradycardia 2.1%, PONV 7.1%, postoperative headache 3.1%) and managed conservatively. Conclusions: Age and BMI meaningfully influence spinal anesthesia characteristics in pediatric patients. Older adolescents achieved longer sensory block durations and better postoperative analgesia, whereas younger and lower-BMI patients required more sedation and had higher nausea rates. Individualized spinal anesthesia planning, considering age, BMI, and developmental stage, may optimize clinical outcomes. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61101792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:26:54Z","timestamp":1759505214000},"page":"1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Age and BMI on Spinal Anesthesia Characteristics in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5999-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Atlas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63040 \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuray","family":"Altay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63040 \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evren","family":"B\u00fcy\u00fckfirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63040 \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0905-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulhakim","family":"\u015eengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, 63040 \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Aslanpar\u00e7as\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u015eanl\u0131urfa Mehmet Akif \u0130nan E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi, 63040 Haliliye, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2111-087X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"\u015eeng\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u015eanl\u0131urfa Mehmet Akif \u0130nan E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi, 63040 Haliliye, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"The European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy\/American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Recommendations on Local Anesthetics and Adjuvants Dosage in Pediatric Regional Anesthesia","volume":"43","author":"Suresh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. 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