{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:10:10Z","timestamp":1792789810103,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a common type of head and neck cancer with a progressive incidence in recent years. The limitations and the side effects associated with the current treatments require new therapeutic alternatives. Silibinin (SIL) is a phytocompound with multifaceted properties that has demonstrated antitumor effects in several types of cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the potential anticancer effects of SIL in Detroit 562 human pharyngeal cancer cells, an ideal model for HPV-negative OPSCC. Materials and Methods: Detroit 562 cells and HGF-1- human gingival fibroblasts were used as experimental models. For the mechanistic investigations, different methods, such as MTT assay, bright field microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and specific assays and kits were applied to quantify intracellular ROS production, activation of caspases, and the colony formation assay. Results: Treatment with SIL (25\u2013200 \u00b5M) for 48 h induced a selective cytotoxic effect in Detroit 562 cancer cells, being minimally toxic to healthy cells. The cytotoxic mechanism of action was characterized by a decreased cell viability, morphological alterations, elevation of intracellular ROS, decreased mitochondrial potential, mitochondrial and nuclear dysmorphologies, activation of caspases 9 and 3\/7 and apoptosis occurrence, and decreased long-term colony formation. Conclusions: These findings show that SIL could represent a potential alternative therapy for HPV-negative OPSCC by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and exerting a decline in the colonogenicity of Detroit 562 cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61122197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T14:30:17Z","timestamp":1765463417000},"page":"2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Silibinin Triggers Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Declines Clonogenic Potential in Detroit 562 Human Pharyngeal Carcinoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Serban","family":"Talpos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doina","family":"Chioran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George C\u0103t\u0103lin","family":"Alexandru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0218tefania","family":"Dinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena-Dorina","family":"Coricovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Smeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Haj","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3668-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia","family":"Szuhanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Research Center ORTHO-CENTER, Discipline of Orthodontics I, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7286-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malina","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jamal, Z., and Anjum, F. 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