{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1766137842838,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Despite the development of medicine, there is no clearly established scheme for the prediction of intra-amniotic infection (IAI). In this study, evaluation of some predictors of IAI confirmed in histopathological examination was performed. Materials and Methods: The study population included 70 patients all giving birth by cesarean section divided into two groups: study (n = 34) consisting of patients with histologically confirmed IAI and control (n = 36) without IAI. Biological material included the mother\u2019s venous blood to determine C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations; vaginal discharge to determine IL-6; cervical canal swabs to perform cultures for bacteria and fungi and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Chlamydia trachomatis; amniotic fluid to perform cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and PCR for atypical pathogens, and to determine glucose, IL-6, and PCT concentrations; umbilical cord blood to determine PCT, CRP, Il-6 and blood culture. A fragment of the placenta and fetal membranes was taken for histopathological assessment of the inflammatory infiltrate. Results: Mothers\u2019 serum CRP assessments as well as serum PCT assessments are of poor diagnostic value in the prediction of IAI confirmed in histopathological examination. Conclusions: The best predictive values of IAI confirmed in histopathological examination were amniotic fluid glucose and vaginal fluid IL-6 determinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61122227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:13:03Z","timestamp":1765973583000},"page":"2227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Intra-Amniotic Infection Detection Based on Available Diagnostic Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Magda","family":"Nawceniak-Balczerska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Multi-Specialist Provincial Hospital in Gorz\u00f3w Wlkp., 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6344-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Torb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Tousty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstretrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3410-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olimpia","family":"Sipak-Szmigiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Cymbaluk-P\u0142oska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive and Oncological Gynecology, Independent Public Specialized Health Care Facility \u201cZDROJE\u201d, 70-780 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0652-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Kordek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center of Blood Donation and Treatment, 70-482 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Multi-Specialist Provincial Hospital in Gorz\u00f3w Wlkp., 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kordek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Intensive Neonatal Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.007","article-title":"Global burden of prematurity","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. 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