{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:09:51Z","timestamp":1793210991932,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a significant obstetric complication associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a central role in its pathophysiology, and maternal inflammatory biomarkers have gained increasing attention as potential predictors of disease onset and adverse outcomes. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases evaluating maternal inflammatory biomarkers\u2014particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6)\u2014in women with PPROM compared with controls. Eligible studies assessed biomarker levels in serum, plasma, or amniotic fluid and reported quantitative outcomes. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Results: A total of 23 studies involving 2841 participants were included. Maternal IL-6 concentrations were significantly elevated in PPROM compared with controls in both maternal serum (pooled SMD = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.15\u20132.29; p &lt; 0.001) and amniotic fluid (SMD = 2.84; 95% CI: 2.01\u20133.67; p &lt; 0.001). CRP showed a moderate association (SMD = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.61\u20131.36; p &lt; 0.001), whereas IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 displayed inconsistent relationships. Conclusions: Elevated maternal IL-6 concentrations, particularly in amniotic fluid, are strongly associated with PPROM and adverse perinatal outcomes. IL-6 demonstrated superior diagnostic and prognostic value compared with other inflammatory markers. These findings support IL-6 as a promising biomarker for early risk identification and individualized the management of high-risk pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T11:43:31Z","timestamp":1766403811000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Maternal Inflammatory Biomarkers in Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8077-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Ioana","family":"Neam\u021bu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4482-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Sava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7739-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina Simona","family":"Bereanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca Maria","family":"B\u0103dil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2381-5577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Roxana","family":"Codru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan Ioan","family":"Vintil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simina","family":"Must\u0103\u021bea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, County Clinical Hospital, Filozofilor Street 3-5, 550196 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1846-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Stoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Chicea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.958463","article-title":"Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"28","author":"Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Matern. 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