{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T09:52:49Z","timestamp":1793872369674,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper aims to examine the current landscape of novel biomarkers in diabetes mellitus (DM), with particular emphasis on emerging candidates, and their roles in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, risk stratification, and managing complications. Given the global prevalence of DM and its complex pathophysiology, identifying reliable biomarkers is critical for optimizing prevention strategies and personalized treatment approaches. This review highlights the shift from traditional glycemic markers, which remain clinically useful but limited, to a broader array of novel biomarkers that more accurately reflect the complex pathophysiology of DM. In addition to conventional measures, inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, along with genetic and epigenetic regulators, provide added predictive value for disease susceptibility, progression, and complications. Recent research has identified emerging biomarkers, such as adiponectin, adropin, netrin-1, \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate, fetuin-A, lipo-protein(a), and lysophosphatidylcholine, which detect early metabolic imbalances and reveal mechanistic links to insulin resistance, \u03b2-cell dysfunction, and vascular injury. Their integration into multimarker panels holds particular promise for precision medicine, supporting tailored prevention, targeted therapy, and improved outcomes for individuals with prediabetes and DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62010152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:57:25Z","timestamp":1768229845000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Selected Emerging Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Insights and Implications for Precision Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Andra Melissa","family":"Entuc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8089-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ianis Kevyn Stefan","family":"Boboc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7983-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana Mititelu","family":"Tartau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia Reurean","family":"Pintilei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, \u0218tefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Consultmed Medical Center, 700544 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana Lacramioara","family":"Pavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5568-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Pelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University, 800010 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7957-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelia","family":"Spinei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7558-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana Georgeta","family":"Foia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, August 19). Idf Diabetes Atlas. Available online: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, J., Wu, Y., Yang, S., Zhu, D., Chen, F., Chen, J., Ji, X., and Hou, K. (2023). The global, regional and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past, present and future: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1192629"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2023.100247","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanism to pathophysiology and pharmacology","volume":"19","author":"Ojo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Nov. Technol. 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