{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:31:32Z","timestamp":1769574692709,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high ethmoid sinus volume (ESV) constitutes a risk factor for the formation of orbital blowout fractures (OBFs) after craniofacial trauma and whether it affects the fracture pattern. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case\u2013control study included patients aged \u226515 years who presented with craniofacial trauma to the emergency department of a Turkish university hospital between 1 October 2022 and 1 September 2023. The predictor variable was the presence of OBF (yes\/no). The primary outcome variable was mean ESV, measured on computed tomography using the fully automated 3D Slicer software. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: The case group consisted of 108 (median age: 41.5 years; 76 males, 70.38%), and the control group consisted of 122 (median age: 38 years; 84 males, 68.85%) subjects. OBFs were more frequent in males (69%), most commonly detected in the orbital floor (68.2%), and were bilateral in two (1.8%) subjects. The mean ESV in the case group (3.91 \u00b1 1.39 cm3) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.82 \u00b1 0.94 cm3) (p &lt; 0.001). Unlike the cases with medial wall fractures and those with orbital floor fractures, there was no significant difference in mean ESV between the cases with medial wall and orbital floor fractures and the control group (p = 0.562). Conclusions: A large ethmoid sinus not only increases the risk of orbital blowout fracture but also has an impact on the fracture pattern. Based on the data obtained from our study, we demonstrated a significant association between ethmoid sinus volume and the incidence of orbital blowout fracture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62020266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:41:56Z","timestamp":1769528516000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of the Relationship Between the Risk for Orbital Blowout Fracture After Trauma and Ethmoidal Sinus Morphometry Using the 3D Slicer Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meltem","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06170 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7550-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Handan","family":"Soysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdem","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selcen","family":"Y\u00fcksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9782-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasime P.","family":"Kavak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06170 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.331125080","article-title":"Spectrum of critical imaging findings in complex facial skeletal trauma","volume":"33","author":"Winegar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2021.01.010","article-title":"Biomechanics of midface trauma: A review of concepts","volume":"33","author":"Reinoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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