{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:03:33Z","timestamp":1780617813730,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Professional voice users (PVUs) are individuals for whom the voice is the primary tool of work, and whose professional success and income largely depend on its quality. This paper\u2019s study population predominantly consisted of occupational voice users with moderate vocal demands and the study aimed to identify risk factors and causes of voice quality and production disorders, as well as the socio-epidemiological characteristics of affected patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Serbia, including 145 occupational voice users aged 20\u201370 years who were treated for dysphonia between August 2019 and July 2024. Data collected included demographics, symptom duration, tobacco exposure, throat and nasal swab results, gastroenterological and endocrinological evaluations and information on treatment for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and dysphonia. Patients were stratified by age, profession, and cause of dysphonia into the appropriate groups. Results: Dysphonia is significantly more common among female occupational users. There is a significant association between the cause of dysphonia and both age and hyperthyroidism. Smoking was highly prevalent in the study population and showed associations with selected videolaryngostroboscopic parameters; however, causal inferences could not be made due to the lack of a non-smoking comparison group. No statistically significant association was observed between positive nasal or throat swabs and dysphonia, nor between allergic rhinitis or asthma and the onset of dysphonia in occupational voice users. Treatment modality varies by gender, with male occupational voice users more likely to undergo surgery and female occupational voice users more often receiving conservative therapy. Symmetric vocal fold vibrations were observed in 85.5% of participants, while regular vibrations were present in 53.1%, and insufficient glottal closure in 10.3%. Regular vocal fold vibration was significantly less frequent in patients with structural disorders and more common in individuals aged 30\u201339 years. Male sex showed a borderline association with reduced likelihood of symmetric vocal fold vibrations. No independent predictors of insufficient glottal closure were identified. Conclusions: These results support the implementation of systematic otolaryngologic examinations, combined with mandatory education on proper voice use, vocal hygiene, and the harmful effects of tobacco smoke, as measures to prevent voice disorders in occupational voice users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62020381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:37:28Z","timestamp":1771245448000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dysphonia in Occupational Voice Users: Risk Factors, Causes and Socioepidemiological Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Jasmina","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snezana","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Jevtic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Strahinja","family":"Krsmanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2441-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andra","family":"Jevtovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3280-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snezana","family":"Babac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Clinic, Clinical and Hospital Centre Zvezdara, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mila","family":"Veselinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5184-6047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mila","family":"Bojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18108 Nis, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngolog, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja B.","family":"Krejovic-Trivic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Pficer Kuzmanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11118 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Vulovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6740-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Stepovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad","family":"Relic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Neighbors, C., Hashmi, M.F., and Song, S.A. 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Voice"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/2\/381\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:12:14Z","timestamp":1771927934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/2\/381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina62020381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina62020381","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]}}}