{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T18:05:36Z","timestamp":1772215536031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Employment is a major determinant of quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to identify which commonly studied demographic, disease-related, clinical, cognitive, and psychological variables, alongside the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), predict employment status in pwMS. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight pwMS were classified as either full-time employed (n = 41) or non-employed (n = 37). Participants underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment including disability status (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS), information processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT), depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; HADS-D), and LUTS status (presence\/absence), alongside demographic and disease-related variables (sex, age, education level, relationship status, and disease duration). Results: Hierarchical binary logistic regression indicated that higher information processing speed was associated with higher odds of employment (OR = 1.11, p = 0.008), whereas the presence of LUTS was associated with lower odds of employment (OR = 0.13, p = 0.026). Disability severity, fatigue, depressive symptoms, demographic characteristics, and disease duration did not contribute in the final model (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Information processing speed and urinary dysfunction were associated with employment status in pwMS. Within the present sample, the multivariable model including these variables showed good discrimination between employed and non-employed participants. The findings should be interpreted as exploratory, and they require further confirmation in independent cohorts before any potential application is considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62030454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T17:05:16Z","timestamp":1772211916000},"page":"454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical, Cognitive and Demographic Determinants of Work Participation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1221-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina","family":"Stavrogianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratoy of Research, Education and Disability Support (IREDS Lab), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, University of West Attica, 12243 Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios K.","family":"Kitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7069-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia-Makrina","family":"Dimitriadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1347-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Akrivaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7496-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios K.","family":"Chasiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratoy of Research, Education and Disability Support (IREDS Lab), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, University of West Attica, 12243 Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinelopi","family":"Vlotinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy Department, University of West Attica, 12243 Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2481-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George P.","family":"Paraskevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsivgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Bakalidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratoy of Research, Education and Disability Support (IREDS Lab), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, University of West Attica, 12243 Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7032-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tsamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Peschos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Giannopapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratoy of Research, Education and Disability Support (IREDS Lab), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, University of West Attica, 12243 Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8153-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Tzartos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Giannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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