{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:11:45Z","timestamp":1788304305578,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This narrative review explores the intricate dynamics of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), a condition marked by an excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine. We delve into the multifaceted etiology of SIBO, including its associations with gastrointestinal disorders, motility issues, and alterations in gut architecture. The review examines current diagnostic methodologies, emphasizing the distinctions between breath testing and direct aspiration techniques. Furthermore, we assess the various treatment approaches, ranging from antibiotics and dietary modifications to emerging therapeutic options. By synthesizing the latest research findings, we aim to enhance understanding of SIBO\u2019s implications for gut health and provide insights into effective management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62030485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:17:31Z","timestamp":1772641051000},"page":"485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unraveling the Complexities of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Capuano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Del Gaudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Celestino","family":"Nista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Sofia","family":"De Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Verris delli Ponti Scorrano ASL Lecce, 73020 Scorrano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8766-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cuccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Saviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological, and Reanimation Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1025-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Petruzziello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Research, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Ojetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Research, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, UniCamillus International Medical University of Rome, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-40-3-600","article-title":"Macrocytic Anemia Associated with Intestinal Strictures and Anastomoses: Report of Two Cases","volume":"40","author":"Pearson","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann. 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