{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:43:08Z","timestamp":1773675788035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backround and Objectives: Basketball performance is shaped by repeated high-intensity actions interspersed with brief recovery. Conventional continuous or strictly incremental testing may not fully capture short active-recovery dynamics relevant to stop-and-go sports. Material and Methods: This study applied a VT2-referenced progressive\u2013intermittent treadmill protocol and focused on 60-s active-recovery kinetics to describe effort tolerance in an applied basketball setting. Basketball players from Mure\u0219 County completed anthropometry (24 h pre-test, fasted) and a single laboratory visit. Pre-test training and diet were standardized for 48 h (submaximal training; predominantly carbohydrate intake). CPET was performed in 3-min stages (6.5 km\u00b7h\u22121 start; +0.7 km\u00b7h\u22121 per stage) and stopped at RER = 1.00 and\/or blood lactate = 4.0 mmol\u00b7L\u22121 (operational VT2). After 3 min active recovery, participants completed six 60-s high-speed bouts separated by 60-s active recovery intervals (AR1\u2013AR6), with intensities prescribed at 120\u2013180% of VT2-derived speed, followed by an 8-min active recovery. For each AR interval, linear regression over 0\u201360 s yielded slopes for VO2, VO2\/HR, VCO2, V\u0307E, VE\/VO2, VE\/VCO2, and PetCO2. Results: VT1 was determined at 2.29 m\u00b7s\u22121 (VO2 32 mL\u00b7min\u22121\u00b7kg\u22121) and VT2 at 3.07 m\u00b7s\u22121 (VO2 42 mL\u00b7min\u22121\u00b7kg\u22121). Maximal intermittent speed was 5.33 m\u00b7s\u22121 (VO2 45.5 mL\u00b7min\u22121\u00b7kg\u22121; RER 1.06; PetCO2 38 mmHg). VO2 differed across successive bouts (p = 0.0001), while PetCO2 showed a small downward drift across repetitions. Peak indices (max speed, VE\/VCO2max, PetCO2max, VEmax) were associated with phase-specific recovery slopes across early, mid, and late recovery periods (false discovery rate\u2013adjusted correlations). Lactate decreased over 8 min, but lactate change rates were not associated with peak indices. Conclusions: The VT2-referenced progressive\u2013intermittent protocol appears feasible in basketball players and provides phase-dependent recovery information that complements conventional peak CPET outcomes, with potential relevance for applied team settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62030552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:32:07Z","timestamp":1773667927000},"page":"552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ventilatory Efficiency and End-Tidal CO2 Kinetics During Active Recovery Following VT2\u2014Referenced Intermittent Exercise in Basketball"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"\u0218tefan Adrian","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara Cintia","family":"S\u00e1ndor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9594-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Mih\u0103\u021b\u0103","family":"Gavra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1499-5398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana Maria","family":"Martin-Hadma\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sarmento, H. 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