{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:46:42Z","timestamp":1774014402711,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is a frequent and debilitating complication among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic conditions, substantially affecting morbidity, functional status, and quality of life. Identifying predictors of PNP is essential for optimizing early diagnostic strategies and improving long-term management outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors of PNP in a cohort of patients with DM. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 117 patients diagnosed with DM assessed for PNP was conducted. All patients were evaluated clinically and biologically. PNP was clinically assessed using the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) score and sudomotor function by Sudoscan. Results: The patients included were mostly males with type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Moreover, the patients with PNP were much older than those without PNP (65 [57\u201369] vs. 59.50 [46\u201368] years, p = 0.008), with a longer duration of DM (10 [6\u201315.50] vs. 5.5 (2\u201314] years, p = 0.019), and associated autonomic diabetic neuropathy (\u03c72 = 24.382, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, TCSS and Sudoscan were correlated with a history of PNP, especially Sudoscan, which showed a very good discriminative ability for diabetic neuropathy diagnosis (AUC = 0.816). In a multivariable logistic regression including age, DM duration, and HbA1c, age was independently associated with PNP, with each additional year increasing the odds of neuropathy by approximately 6% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.02\u20131.09, p = 0.002). When age was excluded, DM duration showed a borderline association with PNP (OR = 1.055, CI95% 0.997\u20131.117), suggesting potential overlap between these variables. Adding sudomotor assessment to the initial model improved the model performance (AUC 0.70\u20130.72). Conclusions: Age emerged as the main independent predictor of diabetic neuropathy, highlighting the role of cumulative metabolic exposure in the development of neural damage. Moreover, sudomotor assessment may have a complementary role in PNP assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62030586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:49:58Z","timestamp":1774003798000},"page":"586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of Peripheral Neuropathy in Metabolic Disease: A Multivariable Analysis Incorporating the Toronto Clinical Scoring System and Sudomotor Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mocanu (Chitan)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Outpatient Diabetes Center 1, Suceava County Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf. Ioan cel Nou\u201d, 720224 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radu-Cristian","family":"Cimpeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodor","family":"Salmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius-Costin","family":"Chitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5272-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca-Elena","family":"Alexa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2795-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu","family":"Cobuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, \u015etefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasilica","family":"Cristescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0555-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Pantea Stoian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Serafinceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Beccia, D., Brin, C., Alfano, M., Di Salvo, J., Epifani, R., Piacevole, A., and Tagliaferri, G. 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