{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:13:47Z","timestamp":1774275227360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Minor otologic procedures in adults are often performed under local anesthesia, either via injection or topical application, thereby avoiding general anesthesia-associated risks. This study aims to compare pain levels with the use of a lidocaine spray versus lidocaine injections. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult patients underwent local anesthetic myringotomy and ventilation tube placement, 30 unilaterally, and 20 bilaterally. Lidocaine injections were administered to 29 patients, and 21 received a lidocaine spray. Postoperatively, they were asked to mark their perceived pain level on a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0\u2013100 mm), verbal rating scale (VRS, 0\u20133), and numeric rating scale (NRS, 0\u201310). Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro\u2013Wilk test, continuous variables were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and VRS outcomes were analyzed using binary logistic regression. A p-value \u2264 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Pain levels were low in both groups, although consistently lower in the topical lidocaine group. The average VAS score was 23.14 mm (\u00b114.69) for injection versus 9.76 mm (\u00b111.41) for topical anesthesia (ANOVA, p = 0.002), while NRS scores averaged at 2.41 (\u00b11.57) and 1.19 (\u00b11.17), respectively (ANOVA, p = 0.009), indicating significantly lower pain with topical lidocaine. Logistic regression of the VRS indicated the same trend, although it did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.153, 95% CI:0.017\u20131.389, p = 0.095). Conclusions: Lidocaine spray was associated with lower pain levels compared to lidocaine injections in patients undergoing myringotomy and ventilation tube placement. Our findings suggest that topical anesthesia may represent an effective alternative, offering a less invasive approach and reducing the needle-related psychological distress of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62030595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:07:06Z","timestamp":1774271226000},"page":"595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Use of Topical Lidocaine Versus Lidocaine Injection for Myringotomy and Ventilation Tube Insertion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Filip","family":"Bacan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0040-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emili","family":"Draga\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4350-4025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirta","family":"Pe\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital for Tumors, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Kelava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7864-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andro","family":"Ko\u0161ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihael","family":"Ries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakov","family":"Ajduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283499fa8","article-title":"To tube or not to tube: Indications for myringotomy with tube placement","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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